We present a suggestive finding regarding the loss of associative texture in the process of machine translation, using comparisons between (a) original and backtranslated texts, (b) reference and system translations, and (c) better and worse MT systems. We represent the amount of association in a text using word association profile – a distribution of pointwise mutual information between all pa...

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for stochastically bounded coexistence in a class of models for two species competing in a randomly varying environment. Coexistence is implied by mutual invasibility, as conjectured by Turelli. In the absence of invasibility, a species converges to extinction with large probability if its initial population is small, and extinction of one species mus...

Though it's many a person's first sexual activity, masturbation isn't only for solo play ? it may be even more fun with company! Masturbation with more than yourself is often referred to as mutual masturbation. Whether solo or social, this activity is concsidered one of the safer forms of sex play. However, as you suggest, there is a risk of transporting your little swimmers to your partner. Bu...

one of the main functionalities of capital market is to enhance liquidity in the market. mutual funds are modern financial institutions which are designed with the aim of absorbing funds from investors and devote them to buy a variety of securities in order to reduce investment risks, exploit the economies of scale and finally make a reasonable return for investors. regarding effective role of ...

—We study directed information in Bayesian networks and related structures. Mutual information is split into directed information and residual information. Some basic equations for directed information and residual information are determined.

The paper presents a system for locating a pun word. The developed method calculates a score for each word in a pun, using a number of components, including its Inverse Document Frequency (IDF), Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information (NPMI) with other words in the pun text, its position in the text, part-ofspeech and some syntactic features. The method achieved the best performance in the Hete...

This paper describes three systems from the University of Minnesota, Duluth that participated in the DiSCo 2011 shared task that evaluated distributional methods of measuring semantic compositionality. All three systems approached this as a problem of collocation identification, where strong collocates are assumed to be minimally compositional. duluth1 relies on the t-score, whereas duluth-2 an...