Privacy and data protection are pivotal issues in the nowadays society. They concern the right to prevent dissemination of sensitive or confidential information of individuals. Many studies have been proposed on this topic from various perspectives, namely sociological, economic, legal, and technological. We have recognized the legal perspective as being the basis of all other perspectives. Act...

The practice of medicine can never be risk free. Taking risks leads, by definition, to accidents – it is behaviour that carries with it a probability of an adverse outcome. But there are also rewards for risk taking. Reducing risk-taking will reduce both accidents and the rewards: for example, the extremely risk averse regimes governing the development of new drugs increase their costs and dela...

The Service scenarios have a crucial role in the overall functionality of Information Systems (IS). They should be treated and examined very carefully in order to fulfill the end-user expectations and the overall platform behavior by itself. To have a qualitative scenarios it is not enough to treat only the user expectation but also these scenarios should be in compliance with legal and ethical...

iran’s industry has had a considerable number of difficulties to perform so well as was expected in the post – revolutionary era. unfavorable legal, political environments combined with eight –year imposed war may be singled out as the root causes of such performances. however, this paper argues that our industry’s lack of realization of its dire need to adapt to the emerging unprecedented envi...

The basic reasons we care about information systems security are that some of our information needs to be protected against unauthorized disclosure for legal and competitive reasons; all of the information we store and refer to must be protected against accidental or deliberate modification and must be available in a timely fashion. We must also establish and maintain the authenticity (correct ...

competitiveness is considered as a key criterion for assessing the success of countries, industries and companies. world economic forum defines competitiveness as the set of institutions, policies and factors that determine the level of productivity. moreover, competitiveness can be defined as acquisition more market share, greater profitability and long-term stability and growth of these indic...

In this chapter, we survey the various approaches that have been proposed to measure privacy (and the loss of privacy). Since most privacy concerns (especially those related to health-care information[44]) are raised in the context of legal concerns, it is instructive to view privacy from a legal perspective, rather than from purely technical considerations. It is beyond the scope of this surve...