in this study, lactic acid production by repeated batch fermentation using cell entrapped methods was compared. barium alginate beads, agar gel and polyurethane foam cubes were employed as carriers to immobilize lactobacillus casei subsp. casei for the purpose of l (+)-lactic acid production. increasing concentrations of lactic acid during fermentation were better tolerated by barium alginate e...

Wood deposited in streams provides a wide variety of ecosystem functions, including enhancing habitat for key species in stream food webs, increasing geomorphic and hydraulic heterogeneity and retaining organic matter. Given the strong role that wood plays in streams, factors that influence wood inputs, retention and transport are critical to stream ecology. Wood entrapment, the process of wood...

'Flash-forwards' - mental images of suicide - have been reported in selected Caucasian samples. Perceptions of defeat and entrapment are considered to be associated with suicidal ideation. We aimed to investigate (1) the presence of suicidal flash-forwards in people with recent suicidal ideation versus those without such ideation in an Asian sample, and (2) associations between suicidal flash-f...

The diagnosis of peroneal nerve (PN) entrapment neuropathy (PNEN) is based on clinical symptoms and nerve conduction studies. However, these studies do not always detect PNEN. Our 64-year-old patient suffered persistent left L5 numbness after two lumbar surgeries. Two years before admission to our institute his left leg pain gradually reappeared. When walking, his numbness in the left lower thi...

The article of Peng and Tumber (1) nicely reviewed current knowledge about ultrasound-guided interventional procedures for patients with piriformis syndrome, border nerve syndrome, and pudendal neuralgia. In the case of pudendal neuralgia, they stated that pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome might be caused either by the pudendal nerve entrapment between the sacrotuberous and the sacrospinous li...

A young, otherwise healthy patient with bilateral claudication is found to have entrapment of the popliteal and anterior tibial arteries, latter owing an anomalous high bifurcation. Review her presentation, diagnosis, treatment emphasizes how prompt recognition surgical release can resolve this often painful distressing condition. eyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6...

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by a neurologic compression of the brachial plexus before it reaches the arm. Three anatomic areas are common locations for such an entrapment because of their congenital and/or acquired tightness: the interscalene triangle, the costoclavicular space, and the retropectoralis minor space. Because the compression level usually remains unknown, the tre...

Entrapment neuropathies have been known for many years. The larger peripheral nerve entrapment lesions such as that of the ulnar nerve at the elbow (Paget 1864), carpal tunnel syndrome (Learmonth 1933) and more recently tarsal tunnel syndrome (Keck 1962, Lam 1962) and the entrapment of the radial nerve in the persistent “tennis elbow” (Roles and Maudsley 1972) have all been described. Neuropath...