Negatively charged globular proteins in solution undergo a condensation upon adding trivalent counterions between two critical concentrations C and C, C <C. This reentrant condensation behavior above C is caused by short-ranged electrostatic interactions between multivalent cations and acidic residues, mechanistically different from the case of DNA. Small-angle x-ray scattering indicates a shor...

A new subclass of multivalent harmonic functions defined by convolution is introduced in this paper. The subclass generates known subclasses of multivalent harmonic functions, and thus provides a unified treatment in the study of these subclasses. Sufficient coefficient conditions are obtained that are also shown to be necessary when the functions have negative coefficients. Growth estimates an...

Multivalency is a feature common to many natural glycoconjugates, including glucosaminoglycans, mucins, and lipopolysaccharides. Multivalent ligands often bind avidly to their target receptors. In addition, they can simultaneously bind multiple receptors and cause them to become clustered (Fig. 1). Receptor clustering by multivalent ligands modulates the cell adhesion and signaling functions of...

We explore, using the recently developed efficient Monte Carlo simulation method, the interaction of an anionic polyelectrolyte solution with a like-charged dielectric surface. In addition to polyions, the solution also contains salt with either monovalent, divalent, or trivalent counterions. In agreement with recent experimental observations, we find that multivalent counterions can lead to st...

A theory is presented which allows us to accurately calculate the density profile of monovalent and multivalent counterions in suspensions of polarizable colloids or nanoparticles. In the case of monovalent ions, we derive a weak-coupling theory that explicitly accounts for the ion-image interaction, leading to a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation. For suspensions with multivalent counterions,...

Few methods currently exist for controlling vesicle-vesicle adhesion. We now report a new system, based upon a multivalent guest and an amphiphilic receptor with a photo-isomerisable anchor that can be incorporated into lipid vesicles of different sizes. Large unilamellar vesicles containing our receptor were found to aggregate upon addition of the multivalent guest, independently of photoswitc...

The synthesis, characterization and inclusion in liposomes of a glucosylated bolaamphiphile built on a calix[4]arene scaffold are described. The new glucocalixarene bolaamphiphile destabilizes bilayers of saturated lipids whereas it rigidifies those of unsaturated lipids, thus reducing leakage of calcein from the liposome internal aqueous compartment. Moreover, from fluorescence and turbidimetr...

Multivalent interactions between carbohydrate-encapsulated gold nanoparticles and Con A are found with high affinity and specificity.

In this note, we introduce the new operator Dp(λ, q, η). Using this operator, we define the new subclasses of analytic and multivalent functions and for functions belonging to these classes, certain (n, δ)neighborhood properties are obtained. Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C45

– A theory is presented for the effective charge of colloidal particles in suspensions containing multivalent counterions. It is shown that if colloids are sufficiently strongly charged, the number of condensed multivalent counterion can exceed the bare colloidal charge leading to charge reversal. Charge renormalization in suspensions with multivalent counterions depends on a subtle interplay b...