Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are broadly applicable hierarchical that derive their utility from separating state processes observation yielding the data. Multistate such as mark–recapture and dynamic multistate occupancy HMMs frequently used in ecology. In early formulations, states, pathogen infection status, were assumed to be perfectly observed without ambiguity. However, uncertainty is a per...

This is the first clinical implementation of the Multistate Tuberculosis Pharmacometric (MTP) model describing fast-, slow-, and nonmultiplying bacterial states of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Colony forming unit data from 19 patients treated with rifampicin were analyzed. A previously developed rifampicin population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was linked to the MTP model previously developed usi...

The noisy voter model is a stylized representation of opinion dynamics. Individuals copy opinions from other individuals, and are subject to spontaneous state changes. In the case two states this known have noise-driven transition between unimodal phase, in which both present, bimodal one dominates. presence zealots can remove phases with states. Here we study effects models $M>2$ on complet...