Background: India is a high burden country for Tuberculosis (TB). As per the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, 24000 cases of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) TB were diagnosed in India in 2014. MDR-TB patients consist of a heterogeneous cohort and management has its challenges. Aims and objectives: We studied the prevalence of PreExtensively Drug Resistant TB (Pre XDR-TB) and Extensively D...

October 2007, Vol. 97, No. 10 SAMJ Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), and especially multidrugresistant (MDR) TB (i.e. resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin with or without resistance to other drugs) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB (i.e. MDR resistance plus resistance to the fluoroquinolones and one of the second-line injectables – kanamycin, amikacin or capreomycin),1 has very important...

Analysis of receptor–ligand interactions in the context of diseases necessitates to understand how HLA–KIR genotypes function in diseases. Although CD56+ lymphocytes are derived from multiple lineages, they share a functional association with immunosurviellance and antimicrobial responses. The present study aimed to determine whether KIR phenotype in CD56 lymphocytes and corresponding HLA-class...

Mitochondria play a crucial role in pathways of stress conditions. They can be transported from one cell to another, bringing their features to the cell where they are transported. It has been shown in cancer cells overexpressing multidrug resistance (MDR) that mitochondria express proteins involved in drug resistance such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistant protein and multiple r...

Rates and risk factors for acquired drug resistance and association with outcomes among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) are not well defined. In an MDR TB cohort from the country of Georgia, drug susceptibility testing for second-line drugs (SLDs) was performed at baseline and every third month. Acquired resistance was defined as any SLD whose status changed from suscept...

Background Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major global health problem. It is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Drug resistance threatens global TB control with the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB. The burden of MDR TB and XDR TB in India is not available as continuous surveillance for drug resistance is ...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Xinjiang is higher than in other regions of China, and Beijing/W lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the dominant strain of MTB in Xinjiang. However, information on multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, particularly the correlation between MDR and the Beijing/W lineage and the correlation betwe...

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a generic term for the variety of strategies tumor cells use to evade the cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs. MDR is characterized by a decreased sensitivity of tumor cells not only to the drug employed for chemotherapy but also to a broad spectrum of drugs with neither obvious structural homology nor common targets. This pleiotropic resistance is one of the maj...

objective: global surveillance has shown that drug resistant (dr) tuberculosis (tb) is widespread. prompt detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance is essential for effective control of tb. the most frequent mutations associated with isoniazid (inh) resistance in mycobacterium are substitutions at codons 315 in the katg gene and the maba-inha promoter region (−15). this survey eva...

Vinblastine (VBL) is used to treat certain kinds of cancer including Hodgkin's lymphoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, testicular cancer and cervical carcinoma. However, the rapid development of resistance during therapy remains a major clinical challenge. In order to reverse cancer cell resistance, the goal of this study was to find differentially expressed genes and chromosomal alterations in m...