Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that play a pivotal role in bone remodeling. Osteoclasts form large multinuclear giant cells by fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts. How cell fusion is mediated, however, is unclear. We identify the dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), a putative seven-transmembrane protein, by a DNA subtraction screen between multinuclear osteoclasts and ...

The effects of histological fluids on the cells of the germinal epithelium of the fowl testis have been studied with a view to confirming the fact, evident from studies of living cells, that the formation of multinuclear cells in the process of spermatogenesis is a normal occurrence. It is considered that in the most rapidly dividing germ-cells the cytoplasm is not in a very concentrated state ...

For reasons that remain unclear, even multicellular organisms usually originate from a single cell. Here I consider the balance between deleterious mutations and selection against them in a population with obligate vegetative reproduction, when every offspring is initiated by more than one cell of a parent. The mutation load depends on the genomic deleterious mutation rate U, strictness of sele...

Amide coupling reactions can be used to synthesize bispyridine-based ligands for use as bridging linkers in multinuclear platinum anticancer drugs. Isonicotinic acid, or its derivatives, are coupled to variable length diaminoalkane chains under an inert atmosphere in anhydrous DMF or DMSO with the use of a weak base, triethylamine, and a coupling agent, 1-propylphosphonic anhydride. The product...

A set of C,N-intramolecularly coordinated boranes containing various C,N-chelating ligands L(1-3) (where L(1) = [o-(CH=NtBu)C6H4], L(2) = [o-(CH=N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)C6H4], L(3) = [o-(CH2NMe2)C6H4]); L(1-3)BCl2 (for 1 L = L(1), for 2 L = L(2), for 5 L = L(3)), L(1)BPhCl (3) and L(1)BCy2 (4) (where Cy = cyclohexyl) were synthesized and fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and in cases ...

The utility of interleaved odd-number leg birdcage coils is demonstrated for decoupling in double- and triple-tuned multinuclear applications. was designed to geometrically decouple from a planar double-tuned (1H-23Na) array 31P saddle coil insert create configuration. Comparisons between an actively detuned purely decoupled architecture were used demonstrate the capabilities design. In particu...