The dorsal surfaces of the hindwings of the dragonfly Rhyothemis resplendens (Odonata: Libellulidae) reflect a deep blue from the multilayer structure in its wing membrane. The layers within this structure are not flat, but distinctly 'wrinkled', with a thickness of several hundred nanometres and interwrinkle crest distances of 5 µm and greater. A comparison between the backscattered light from...

The recent explosion1), 2) of research on the electronic properties of single layer and stacked multilayer graphene sheets has been driven by advances in material preparation methods,3), 4) by the unusual5), 6), 7) electronic properties of these materials including unusual quantum Hall effects,8), 9) and by hopes that these elegantly tunable systems might be useful electronic materials. In this...

ZrN/Si3N4 multilayer coating that alternates with either nanocrystalline ZrN or amorphous Si3N4 interlayers was fabricated by reactively magnetron sputtering in an Ar-N2 mixture atmosphere. The thicknesses of the nanocrystalline ZrN and the amorphous Si3N4 interlayers are ~12.5 and 2.5 nm, respectively. The ZrN/Si3N4 coating exhibits a promoted hardness of 28.6 ± 1.2 GPa when compared to the bi...

Processes of e-beam and holographic recording of surface relief structures using Ge5As37S58-Se multilayer nanostructures as registering media were studied in this paper. Optical properties of Ge5As37S58, Se layers, and Ge5As37S58-Se multilayer nanostructures were investigated. Spectral dependencies of refractive index were analyzed within the frames of single oscillator model. Values of optical...

Electrochemical analysis of sweat using soft bioelectronics on human skin provides a new route for noninvasive glucose monitoring without painful blood collection. However, sweat-based glucose sensing still faces many challenges, such as difficulty in sweat collection, activity variation of glucose oxidase due to lactic acid secretion and ambient temperature changes, and delamination of the enz...

intercropping is one of the management methods for crop production and leads to improvement of resource absorption and use by plants. based on this purpose the present field study was conducted to evaluate radiation absorption and uses efficiency in corn and bean strip intercropping at the farm of the faculty of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad, iran during 2009. the experiment was s...

This paper proposes an accurate illumination model for rendering objects coated with multilayer films. Optical phenomenaof multilayer films are caused by reflection, refraction, interference, and absorption of light inside each layer of multiple films, and these physical phenomena are complicatedly related with each other. The proposed method calculates composite reflectance and transmittance o...

An in situ optical technique to visualize surface distortions of the first monochromator crystal under synchrotron beam heat loading has been developed and applied to measure surface profiles of multilayer optics under white wiggler beam at the CHESS A2 beamline. Two identical multilayer structures deposited on Si and SiC substrates have been tested. Comparison of the reconstructed 3D heatbump ...

The formation of polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs)-based layer-by-layer multilayer ultrathin films on charged surfaces prepared from water and phosphate buffer solutions has been investigated. The multilayer films prepared under these conditions showed different surface roughness. Nanoscale islands and network structures were observed homogeneously on the multilayer film prepared from pure water so...

Expected lifetime and reliability of multilayer ceramic actuators were considered. 5 · 5 · 5 mm sized multilayer ceramic actuators with 60 ceramic sheet layers embedded internal electrodes were selected in this experimental analysis. Specially selected rectified AC bias was applied to the multilayer ceramic actuators to remove heating during charging and discharging process. Sixteen sets of mul...