Abstract This article examines the ideational dimension and political performance of American grand strategy since ‘9/11’ explores to what extent strategic assumptions, ideological dispositions, security practices Bush Doctrine have endured 2001 terrorist attacks. It advances a constructivist understanding as nexus national identity discourses practices. The will first explore significance exce...

This article looks at the European Union’s external policy as a late-Westphalian political innovation. The assumes that activity of Union goes beyond classical framework foreign policy, which is usually considered an attribute state, and EU itself, hybrid entity, formulates implements policy. latter has normative functional character, means basis EU’s presence in world set specific rules, tools...

Abstract How China will contribute to global governance has become a critical question in international relations, amplified by the linkages between Covid-19 pandemic, escalating geopolitical contest and multilateralism crisis. been doubling down on its authoritarian model of domestic while becoming more internationally assertive, including existing new multilateral institutions. Meanwhile, Uni...