Throughout this paper, every groups are finite. The prime graph of a group $G$ is denoted by $Gamma(G)$. Also $G$ is called recognizable by prime graph if for every finite group $H$ with $Gamma(H) = Gamma(G)$, we conclude that $Gcong H$. Until now, it is proved that if $k$ is an odd number and $p$ is an odd prime number, then $PGL(2,p^k)$ is recognizable by prime graph. So if $k$ is even, the r...

In recent years, it has become clear that most (smooth, nonsmooth, high-order, and hybrid) versions of the maximum principle (abbr. MP) for finite-dimensional, deterministic optimal control problems without state space constraints can be derived in a unified way, by using a modified version of the approach of the classical book [4] by Pontryagin et al.—that is, by constructing “packets of needl...

in this paper, we define the common minimal common neighborhooddominating signed graph (or common minimal $cn$-dominating signedgraph) of a given signed graph and offer a structuralcharacterization of common minimal $cn$-dominating signed graphs.in the sequel, we also obtained switching equivalencecharacterization: $overline{sigma} sim cmcn(sigma)$, where$overline{sigma}$ and $cmcn(sigma)$ are ...

the tutte polynomial of a graph g, t(g, x,y) is a polynomial in two variables defined for every undirected graph contains information about how the graph is connected. in this paper a simple formula for computing tutte polynomial of a benzenoid chain is presented.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), in a few decades, have outperformed the existing state of art methods classification context. However, way they were formalised, CNNs are bound to operate on euclidean spaces. Indeed, convolution is signal operation that defined This has restricted deep learning main use euclidean-defined data such as sound or image. And yet, numerous computer application f...

let g be a (p, q) graph. let f : v (g) → {1, 2, . . . , k} be a map. for each edge uv, assign the label gcd (f(u), f(v)). f is called k-prime cordial labeling of g if |vf (i) − vf (j)| ≤ 1, i, j ∈ {1, 2, . . . , k} and |ef (0) − ef (1)| ≤ 1 where vf (x) denotes the number of vertices labeled with x, ef (1) and ef (0) respectively denote the number of edges labeled with 1 and not labeled with 1....

let $g$ be a simple graph with vertex set $v(g) = {v_1, v_2,ldots, v_n}$ and edge set $e(g) = {e_1, e_2,ldots , e_m}$. similar tothe randi'c matrix, here we introduce the randi'c incidence matrixof a graph $g$, denoted by $i_r(g)$, which is defined as the$ntimes m$ matrix whose $(i, j)$-entry is $(d_i)^{-frac{1}{2}}$ if$v_i$ is incident to $e_j$ and $0$ otherwise. naturally, therandi'c incidenc...

in the process of structural analysis we often come to structures that can be analyzed with simpler methods than the standard approaches. for these structures, known as regular structures, the matrices involved are in canonical forms and their eigen-solution can be performed in a simple manner. however, by adding or removing some elements or nodes, such methods cannot be utilized. here, an effi...

sena-graph syrup has recently been formulated by an iranian pharmaceutical company for being used in bowel evacuation before radiography, colonoscopy and surgery. this study compares the efficacy, adverse effects and patient compliance of two bowel preparation regimens with castor oil and sena-graph syrup in of outpatients for intravenous urography (ivu). one hundred and fourteen consecutive ou...

let $g$ be a non-abelian group and let $z(g)$ be the center of $g$. associate with $g$ there is agraph $gamma_g$ as follows: take $gsetminus z(g)$ as vertices of$gamma_g$ and joint two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ whenever$yxneq yx$. $gamma_g$ is called the non-commuting graph of $g$. in recent years many interesting works have been done in non-commutative graph of groups. computing the clique...