while performance-based language assessment has led to an increased authenticity and content validity in the practice of writing assessment, the reliability of ratings has become a major issue. research findings have shown different reactions by native english speaker (nes) and non-native english speaker (nns) teachers to students’ writings. the focus of this study is on investigating whether i...

Market-oriented policies and liberal economic policies pursued by Turgut Özal in the 1980s in Turkey, had initiated several structural changes in the cultural, economic and political spheres in the country. Constructive and cultural perceptions of Islam, expansion and strengthening the role of the bourgeoisie Muslim community- based and finally hegemony of Islamist Justice and Development Party...

this research has been taken among the students of high school in karaj city during the years 1391 and 1392. this is a survey research and data gathering is through questionnaires. studying the “an analysis of students’ tendency toward non-native reference groups in karaj”. the questionnaire was distributed among 260 of these students who were chosen through multi step cluster sampling. conside...

Nowadays democracy is considered to be one of the most important parameters of development in new era. As a result, the trend toward democratization of a society’s culture is an essential step to achieve a stable development. In that case, identifying the relationship between acceptability of democracy and socialcultural factors is very important. In this study, using the method of survey a...