Predator – prey interactions are often highly co-evolved, with selection over time for prey with morphological and behavioral traits that minimize predation risk. Consequently, in many environments prey choose among potential habitats according to their refuge value. It is unclear, however, when presented with new habitats, if prey are able to evaluate the predation risk of these relative to fa...

BACKGROUND Medically unexplained dyspnea (MUD) refers to a condition characterized by a sensation of dyspnea and is typically applied to patients presenting with anxiety and hyperventilation without cardiopulmonary explanations for their dyspnea. The diagnosis is difficult. We investigated whether descriptors of dyspnea and associated symptoms of MUD are differentially diagnostic. METHODS A r...

The arrival of new data services for wireless mobile communications requires an efficient use of the available bandwidth. Interference-limited cellular systems based on codedivision multiple access (CDMA) can benefit from multiuser detection (MUD) and beamforming with antenna array to reduce multiple-access interference. Group-based techniques have been proposed to reduce the complexity of spac...

In addition to their well-known effects on the development of the mushroom body, mud mutants are also female sterile. Here we show that, although the early steps of ovary development are grossly normal, a defect becomes apparent in meiosis II when the two component spindles fail to cohere and align properly. The products of meiosis are consequently mispositioned within the egg and, with or with...

This work proposed a new multiuser detector for DS/CDMA systems constituted by the polynomial MMSE detector followed by a local search algorithm 1-adapt LS (one-adaptive local search), namely the Hybrid 1adapt-LS-MuD. In order to reduce computational complexity inherent to recurrent computation of the cross-correlation matrix inverse in DS/CDMA multiuser detection (MuD), this work introduces fo...

This study reports an adaptation of a parametric echosounder system using 15 kHz as secondary frequency to investigate the angular response of sub-bottom backscatter strength of layered mud, providing a new method for enhanced acoustic detection of buried targets. Adaptions to achieve both vertical (0°) and non-vertical inclination (1– 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°) comprise mechanical tilting of the a...

Flume experiments simulating a 12.5 hour tidal cycle were performed to test the hypothesis that flaser and wavy bedding can be produced in shallow subtidal areas by tidal activity. The effects of clay composition, sand size, total amount of sediment deposited, compaction time, and peak current velocity were investigated. It was found that the resistance of a recently-deposited mud bed to subseq...

This report is based on the interesting clinical case study of a teenage based in India with long standing history of ingesting nonnutritive materials. She was initially non-selective, but later began more exclusively consuming mud obtained from a wall in the back yard of her house on regular basis. She suffered from a eating disorder known as pica. The DSM-IV defines pica as a form of feeding ...

suspended solids % mixed juice levels encountered at diffuser A cane diffuser is a fairly efficient filter, retaining within the bagasse bed much of the suspended material that would otherwise pass into the draft juice. It was decided to investigate the possibility of utilising this filtration capability further by recycling the mud (underflow) from the juice clarification station to the diffus...

Background: Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) is an important component of innate immune system in teleosts. In order to understand isoform-specific involvement and regulation of LEAP-2 genes in mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis, Cypriniformes), a commercially important food fish, this study was aimed to characterize gene structure and expression characteristics of two paralog LEAP-...