BACKGROUND Prevention and treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) by a nontoxic agent can improve outcome, while maintaining quality of life. 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is a dietary supplement that inhibits hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis. We evaluated the chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of 4-MU. METHODS TRAMP mice (7-28 per group) were gavaged with 4-MU ...

We discuss the thesis formulated by Hintikka (1973) that certain natural language sentences require non-linear quantification to express their meaning. We investigate sentences with combinations of quantifiers similar to Hintikka’s examples and propose a novel alternative reading expressible by linear formulae. This interpretation is based on linguistic and logical observations. We report on ou...

DNA polymerases mu (pol mu), lambda (pol lambda), and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) are enzymes of the pol X family that share homology in sequence and functional domain organization. We showed previously that pol mu participates in light chain but surprisingly not heavy chain gene rearrangement. We show here that immunoglobulin heavy chain junctions from pol lambda-deficient anima...

The second and third geometric-arithmetic indices GA2(G) and GA3(G) of a graph G are defined, respectively, as ∑ uv∈E(G) √ nu(e,G)nv(e,G) 1 2 [nu(e,G)+nv(e,G)] and ∑ uv∈E(G) √ mu(e,G)mv(e,G) 1 2 [mu(e,G)+mv(e,G)] , where e = uv is one edge in G, nu(e,G) denotes the number of vertices in G lying closer to u than to v andmu(e,G) denotes the number of edges in G lying closer to u than to v. The Sz...

The reactions of [Ru(3)(CO)(12)] with half equivalent of 2-amino-6-methylpyridine (H(2)ampy) or 2-aminopyridine (H(2)apy) in refluxing xylene give the hexanuclear products [Ru(6)(mu(3)-H)(2)(mu(5)-eta(2)-L)(mu-CO)(2)(CO)(14)] (L = ampy, 1; apy, 2). These reactions represent the first high-yield syntheses of hexanuclear complexes with a basal edge-bridged square pyramidal metallic skeleton. Five...

The Escherichia coli FIS (factor for inversion stimulation) protein has been implicated in assisting bacteriophage Mu repressor, c, in maintaining the lysogenic state under certain conditions. In a fis strain, a temperature-inducible Mucts62 prophage is induced at lower temperatures than in a wild-type host (M. Bétermier, V. Lefrère, C. Koch, R. Alazard, and M. Chandler, Mol. Microbiol. 3:459-4...

Bacteriophage Mu, one of the best-characterized mobile genetic elements, can be used effectively to answer fundamental questions about the regulation of biochemical machinery for DNA rearrangement. Previous studies of Mu virulence have implicated the Clp protease in repressor inactivation (V. Geuskens, A. Mhammedi-Alaoui, L. Desmet, and A. Toussaint, EMBO J. 13:5121-5127, 1992). These studies w...