State-based systems with discrete or continuous time are often modelled with the help of Markov chains. In order to specify performance measures for such systems, one can define a reward structure over the Markov chain, leading to the Markov Reward Model (MRM) formalism. Typical examples of performance measures that can be defined in this way are time-based measures (e.g. mean time to failure),...

BACKGROUND Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) due to excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a well-known complication of lumbar puncture. Although various factors, especially the type of spinal needle, have been demonstrated to be associated with PDPH, the clinical implications of CSF leakage detected on magnetic resonance myelography (MRM) images remain unclear. The objective of this ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) may be associated with severe post-operative pain, leading to chronic pain syndrome. We compared the post-operative analgesic profile of two ultrasound-guided nerve blocks: Paravertebral block (PVB) and serratus plane block (SPB). METHODS This double-blind, randomised study was conducted on fifty adult females, scheduled for MRM with axill...

BACKGROUND. In many studies with longitudinal data, time-dependent covariates can only be measured intermittently (not at all observation times), and this presents difficulties for standard statistical analyses. This situation is common in medical studies, and methods that deal with this challenge would be useful. METHODS. In this study, we performed the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) bas...

Understanding the complex architecture, connectivity, and pathology of the human brain is a major application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the cellular basis of MR signal is still poorly understood. The advent of MR microscopy (MRM) enables imaging biological samples at cellular resolution, helping to interpret the nature of MR signal at the cellular level. In this regard, the ...

Capillary zone electrophoresis-multiple/single reaction monitoring (CZE-MRM/SRM), which employed an electrokinetically driven sheath-flow electrospray interface, was used for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of protein analytes in complex tryptic digests. MRM channels were developed against a commercial exponential mixture of bovine proteins. Five proteins spanning four orders of magnit...

Although the cause of pre-eclampsia during pregnancy has not been elucidated yet, it is evident that placental and maternal endothelial dysfunction is involved. We previously demonstrated that in early onset pre-eclampsia placental calcyclin (S100A6) expression is significantly higher compared to controls ( De Groot , C. J. ; Clin. Proteomics 2007 , 1 , 325 ). In the current study, the results ...

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for protein identification and has therefore become indispensable for proteome studies. In recent years, simple protein identification by MS has become routine, and more attention has been devoted to the MS-based investigation of posttranslational modifications and the quantification of proteins and peptides. Numerous methods and techniques for relative...

In the last years, various approaches have been shown to measure the reliability of an IP multicast network. Some of these tools are intended just to check the reachability of different hosts and routers via IP multicast, some are going a little further. They try to measure the Quality of Service (QoS) of the IP multicast network as well. The most interesting approach is the MRM (Multicast Reac...