Rates of alcohol use disorders (AUD) are generally low among women who have ever had children (mothers) compared to women who have never had children (nonmothers), presenting a motherhood advantage. It is unclear if this advantage accrues to "Black" and "White" women alike. Using National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) wave 2 cross-sectional data that is rich ...

The aim of this study was to analyze associations between demographic factors, family psychosocial characteristics, tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use, and adolescent motherhood. This was a case-control study in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, with 431 adolescents 14 to 16 years of age who gave birth in 2009 (cases) and 862 adolescents who had never given birth (controls). Thre...

Maternal incarceration can be a disruptive process for the entire family. Incarcerated mothers experience stigma and are often regarded both as criminals who willingly abandoned their children. There have been several studies examining impact on children of incarcerated parents. However, synthesis qualitative exploring lived these women is lacking. This systematic review seeks to provide eviden...

the sampling method is simple random sampling. in order to measure women's social adjustment social adjustment scale (sas) was used.there is a significant relationship between women and motherhood in social attitudes. consensual relationships between people and tends to be a mother, there is a significant relationship. the social adjustment of status after marriage roles as wives and mothe...

Each year an estimated 500,000 to 600,000 women die due to complications from childbirth, making this one of the leading causes of death globally for women in their reproductive years. Few developing countries have experienced a documented significant decline in maternal mortality levels, despite a global initiative to address the problem. Honduras represents an exception. Between 1990 and 1997...

In 1987 a conference on safe motherhood in Nairobi, Kenya, drew international attention to alarmingly high levels of maternal death in childbirth in developing countries. Global levels are estimated to be between 500,000 and 600,000 per year, with approximately one-tenth of these deaths occurring in Nigeria alone. The conference ended with a call for a reduction in maternal mortality by half by...

Childhood poverty and early parenthood are both high on the current political agenda. The key new issue that this research addresses is the relative importance of childhood poverty and of early motherhood as correlates of outcomes later in life. How far are the 'effects' of early motherhood on later outcomes due to childhood precursors, especially experience of childhood poverty? Subsidiary que...

BACKGROUND Smoking prevalence has been shown to be considerably higher among single mothers as compared to their married or cohabiting counterparts. This study examines whether this could be attributed to single mothers' different capability in dealing with stress. METHODS Based on cross-sectional data of 3129 German mothers, the study explores the associations between single motherhood, copi...

The article shows that in Soviet society single motherhood existed a variety of forms. author claims mothers were contradictory figures, as the 1944 Family Law stated non-marital childbearing women officially supported by pro-natal state. Contemporaries usually did not make any difference between war widows with children, unmarried children from cohabitation men, and «real» mothers. According t...

Abstract This chapter examines contemporary autobiographical narratives which explore the notion of motherhood as central issue in women’s lives. These have been important offering alternative discourses and thereby broadening concept motherhood. discusses them light studies theories about matrilineal literature. Works by two highly acclaimed Canadian writers are at center our study: Rachel Cus...