THE INGESTION of a neurotoxin with subsequent paralysis of a large number of persons is not a commonplace event. One epidemic was reported in 19301 in which it was estimated that up to 20,000 persons in the southern United States suffered from drinking "ginger jake" with resultant "jake paralysis". The toxic ingredient involved was triorthocresyl phosphate. The same contaminant was responsible ...

It is a piece of idle senthentality that truth, merely as truth, has any inherent power denied to error, or prevailing against the dungeon and the stake. Men are not more zealous for truth than they often are for error, and a sufficient application oflegal or even of social penalties will generally succeed in stopping the propagation of either. The real advantage which truth has, consists in th...

This paper develops a theory of the interaction between appropriative conflict and economic growth. Appropriative conflict, as measured by the diversion of resources, is viewed as the cost of securing effective property rights. We identify conditions under which conflict rises or falls as the rate of economic growth improves. The main implication of the analysis is that if the quality of proper...

According to sociologists, socialization is defined as coordination of an individual with social values, norms and insights. Political socialization is one of the fundamental and important concepts in the social science, today. Political socialization is a process through which an individual gets acquainted with his responsibilities, rights and political roles in the society. During this proces...

legitimacy is among the factors that bring stability and effectiveness to a political system. in this article, the writer argues that there is a stronger tendency to keep and amend the basic rules of the system of the islamic republic of iran than to change and replace them. also, there is a stronger tendency to amend the present rules than to keep them as they are. political legitimacy, the wr...

this article wants to clarify a new narration of iran-iraq war political nature. other narrations generally have had a strategic-political view on iran-iraq war. although this present narration has a strategic and realistic view too, it doesn't consider this kind of view enough for a comprehensive explanation of different aspects of the war. it refers to the confrontation of faith and forc...