Abstract Usually, social order is defined by the animal size, live weight, or age. This study aimed to evaluate association among horn presence (HP), and size (HS) on rank hierarchy. Adult Dorper rams (n=24) with similar weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), age (AG) were subjected a behavioral test define success index (SI, ranked form 0 1) based male-to-male interactions, determining three...

Geometric morphometric (GM) tools are essential for meaningfully quantifying and understanding patterns of variation in complex traits like shape. In this field, the breadth answerable questions has grown dramatically recent years through development new analyses increased computational efficiency. note, we describe ways which geomorph, a widely used R package analysing GM data, with field. We ...

Abstract Background Wheat spike architecture is a key determinant of multiple grain yield components and detailed examination morphometric traits beneficial to explain wheat the effects differing agronomy genetics. However, quantification has been very limited because it relies on time-consuming manual measurements. Results In this study, using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging, we proposed met...

In the current paper we investigate whether gender aVects the encoding of leadership behavior. In three studies we found evidence that perceivers had diYculty encoding leadership behaviors into their underlying prototypical leadership traits when the behavior implied an agentic trait and the behavior was enacted by a female. Using a lexical decision making task, in Study 1 we demonstrated that ...

Given finite resources, intense investment in one life history trait is expected to reduce investment in others. Although telomere length appears to be strongly tied to age in many taxa, telomere maintenance requires energy. We therefore hypothesize that telomere maintenance may trade off against other life history characters. We used natural variation in laboratory populations of Atlantic silv...

Aims: To identify the potential genotypes and important traits for drought tolerance based on root system architectural morphometric that can be used as a selection criteria in future crop improvement programs.
 Study Design: Completely randomized design Randomized block with two replications traits.
 Place Duration of Study: Department Millets, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coi...

There are many pairs of related western and eastern avian taxa in North America, and for many of these, little is known about their interactions in sympatry. One example is provided by MacGillivray’s warblers Oporornis tolmiei and mourning warblers Oporornis philadelphia. There have been occasional reports of range contact and hybridization between these forms, but recent authors have doubted t...

Ancestral properties can influence patterns of evolutionary diversification, but ancestors can rarely be observed directly. We examined variation and sexual dimorphism of morphological traits in an anadromous threespine stickleback population representing the ancestral form for resident postglacial stickleback populations in the area. A combination of traditional and geometric morphometric meth...

OBJECTIVE The existing methods for identifying multiple rare variants underlying complex diseases in family samples are underpowered. Therefore, we aim to develop a new set-based method for an association study of dichotomous traits in family samples. METHODS We introduce a framework for testing the association of genetic variants with diseases in family samples based on a generalized linear ...

In an effort to link quantitative morphometric information with molecular data on the population level, we have analysed 19 populations of the conchologically variable land snail Candidula unifasciata from across the species range for variation in quantitative shell traits and at the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal (r)DNA locus. In genetic analysis, including 21 additional populations, we observed ...