Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is crucial for water resources assessment. In this regard, the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)–Penman–Monteith method (PM) is commonly recognized as a standard method for PET estimation. However, due to requirement of detailed meteorological data, the application of PM is often constrained in many regions. Under such circumstances, an alternative metho...

Most of the current parameterization schemes for Penman–Monteith–Leuning evapotranspiration (ET) model (PML) consider meteorological and energy factors land use types, but analysis effect soil moisture (SM) changes on ET processes lacks sufficient attention. This paper proposes a scheme sensitive parameters PML considering water content, i.e., coupling surface SM in calculation evaporation coef...

The following method was used to apply the topology of current study evapotranspiration ETo, net irrigation demand, schedules, and total effective rain fall different crop models: using Food Agriculture Organization's (FAO) CROPWAT 8.0 standard software CLIMWAT 2.0 tool FAO-56 Penman-Monteith approach examine variable ETo. Due high temperatures in summer with an annual mean 6.33 mm/day, topolog...