We demonstrate that chain polymerization of molecules can be initiated by stimulating a thin molecular film with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip, so that a conjugated polymer nanowire can be created at designated positions. The demonstration has been presented for a self-ordered monomolecular layer of diacetylene compound adsorbed on a graphite surface. By stimulating the molecular la...

Natural odors, generally composed of many monomolecular components, are analyzed by peripheral receptors into component features and translated into spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity in the olfactory bulb. Here, we will discuss the role of the olfactory cortex in the recognition, separation and completion of those odor-evoked patterns, and how these processes contribute to odor percept...

The direct experimental evidence shows that ethylbenzene disproportionation is a transition state shape selective reaction on zeolites: a bimolecular reaction mechanism via diphenylethane-mediated pathway on large-pore zeolites X and Y (ca. 0.74 nm) and a monomolecular reaction mechanism on medium-pore zeolites ZSM-5 (ca. 0.56 nm) via the ethoxy-mediated intermolecular ethyl group transfer. The...

Phagocytosis is one of the oxygen depending processes in organisms. During the unspecifi c immunological defense, the activity of pentosephosphate cyclus is dramatically increased forming NADPH. NADPH is needed to reduce the oxygen which is bonded to membrane-based cytochromes. Therefore, the oxygen demand is strongly increased (respiratory burst). During this process, oxygen is converted into ...

This paper presents the results of studies for niobium sorption from chloride solutions with use anion-exchange organic sorbents: Amberlite IRA-67, Purolite A-100, AB-17-8, and AN-2FN. Niobium was performed model niobium-containing solutions. Data on comparative characteristics studied sorbents were obtained, static exchange capacity sorbents, values distribution coefficients, extraction degree...

The structure and composition of the crystal growth unit are huge fundamental practical consequence. We propose a method to identify solute species that incorporates into site on surfaces, kinks, which rests kinetics elementary reaction at kinks. use as model crystals olanzapine, an antipsychotic medication, etioporphyrin I, field-effect transistor. combine time-resolved in situ atomic force mi...

The Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), of the genus Potyvirus (Potyviridae), causes most prominent passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) disease in Brazil. is transmitted a non-circulating manner by many species aphids. Chemical control vector insect inefficient, due to nature virus-vector aphid relationship, and commercial are susceptible virus. As such, comprehending disease’s spatio-temporal...