This paper investigates the impact of rating agencies in a market with asymmetric information. In particular, the role of credit rating agencies as an intermediary between investors and bond issuers is discussed. We model this setting in a dynamic framework in which both rating agencies and bond issuers are of heterogeneous quality. Rating agencies can apply costly research technology to reveal...

Social Media has become an unquestionable communicative tool for most organizations. Companies want to participate in the conversation on network various purposes: attracting new customers, promoting their products, exalting brand, searching prescribers, etc. However, those corporations that belong risk sectors –as is case of nuclear power plants– show initial suspicion because they consider fo...

Each item in a given collection is characterized by a set of possible performances. A (ranking) method is a function that assigns an ordering of the items to every performance profile. Ranking by Rating consists in evaluating each item’s performance by using an exogenous rating function, and ranking items according to their performance ratings. Any such method is separable: the ordering of two ...

Ambiguous notation is a powerful tool developed to deal with the complexity of mathematics without sacrificing clarity or conciseness. In the mechanized parsing of ambiguous terms, a disambiguation algorithm can be used to provide the system with the intelligence necessary to select valid interpretations for the overloaded symbols received in input. Disambiguation works by means of an increment...