The case for a free-market commodity money as provided by a genuine gold standard is simple yet decisive. It is based on the insight that the root cause of inflation in the modern world is the almost absolute monopoly over the supply of money which all national governments possess within their respective political jurisdictions. That such an arrangement necessarily produces inflation is not dif...

municipal solid waste. Business and industry operations generate recyclable materials in many areas, such as offices, cafeterias, supply stores, shipping or warehouse units, print shops, and production areas. Many companies are already enthusiastically collecting recyclables in high-profile programs, while others are just beginning. Collecting recyclables costs money, but it also saves money by...

This study describes and reconciles two common, seemingly contradictory views about a key monetary policy relationship: that between money and interest rates. Data since 1960 for about 40 countries support the Fisher equation view, that these variables are positively related. But studies taking expectations into account support the liquidity effect view, that they are negatively related. A simp...

Money is a technology for promoting economic prosperity. Over history money has become increasingly abstract, it used to be hardware, gold coins and the like, now it is mostly software, data structures located in banks. This datamoney is passive and requires computer programs for manipulation, these programs create money, add/remove money from accounts, transfer money in sales transactions, pro...

This paper contributes to the analysis of the money supply process in Germany during the period of monetary targeting by the Bundesbank from 1975-1998. While the standard money multiplier approach assumes that the money stock is determined by the money multiplier and the monetary base it is argued here that both the money stock and the monetary base are determined endogenously by the optimizing...

This study examines the company internal factors and macro-economic variables affecting stock prices in the Karachi Stock Exchange of Pakistan. Internal factors are earnings per share and dividend per share. The macro-economic variables are represented by the money supply, consumer price index, interest rates, and gross domestic product. A sample of 15 companies is selected from the financial s...

This study employs the bounds test for co-integration and Granger causality tests to investigate the long-run equilibrium relationship between financial development, international trade and real income growth. Furthermore we are intersting in finding the direction of causality among these economic variablesfor the Cyprus economy. The results of the study reveal that financial development as mea...

This study examined the relationship between money supply and stock prices, using E-view version 10. The empirical results of Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test at 5 percent critical levels indicates that all variables (M2 MCAP) were not stationary levels. However, became after first differencing. Hence, are same order integration I (1). A cointegration tells us there exists a long ru...