Professional rugby league clubs implement training programmes for the development of anthropometric and physical characteristics within an academy programme. However, research that examines seasonal changes in these characteristics is limited. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the seasonal changes in anthropometric and physical characteristics of academy rugby league players by age categ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the internal root morphology and gender variations in mandibular first permanent molars in a Kenyan population. DESIGN In vitro descriptive cross sectional study. SETTING School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi RESULTS The mesial root of mandibular first molars had two canals in 96.3% of the teeth in both males and females and-type IV canal configuration wa...

BACKGROUND Overeruption of an upper molar following loss of the opposing tooth is a common clinical finding. Rehabilitation can be difficult when the interocclusal space is reduced. AIM To intrude an overerupted upper first molar and replace the missing lower first molar. METHODS Buccal and palatal microscrews and a transpalatal bar were placed. The palatal miniscrew loosened shortly after ...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate whether multistranded fixed retainers prevented overeruption of unopposed mandibular second molars in maxillary first molar extraction cases. METHODS The panoramic radiographs of 65 Class II Division 1 Caucasian Whites (28 females, 37 males) consecutively treated with bilateral maxillary first molar extraction and the Begg technique, a...

OBJECTIVES To compare tooth size between subjects with mild, moderate and severe hypodontia and a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised 120 patients with hypodontia divided into three groups of 40 mild (≤2 teeth congenitally missing), 40 moderate (3-5 teeth congenitally missing) and 40 severe (≥6 teeth congenitally missing) hypodontia; and 40 age and sex matched controls. To...

A right mandibular first molar requiring root canal treatment was found to have three separate mesial canals. This case demonstrates an extraordinary anatomical configuration and supplements previous reports of the existence of such configurations in mandibular first molars.

A high rate of root exposure and consequently the exposure of the furcation area is usually observed in multirooted teeth. In maxillary molar teeth, this fact may endanger the three existent furcations (buccal, mesial and distal), causing serious problems. In this research, distance measures from the buccal furcation to the mesial (F1M) and distal (F1D) surfaces of the mesio-buccal and disto-bu...

We establish an equivalent condition to the validity of the Collatz conjecture, using elementary methods. We derive some conclusions and show several examples of our results. We also offer a variety of exercises, problems and conjectures.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the canal configuration in the mesio-buccal root of maxillary first molar teeth of a Jordanian population using a clearing technique. One hundred extracted maxillary first molars were collected from Jordanian patients. After a standard access preparation, canals were stained, decalcified, dehydrated, and then rendered clear. The prevalence of a secon...