This paper considers the ways in which Iraq‘s territorial integrity has been invoked by the international community, how it has been violated by the US-led coalition both before and since 2003, and how these acts have called into question the future viability of the Iraqi state. The specific focus is on the first four years of the occupation. The paper contends that Iraq provides an instructive...

The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have been the longest sustained U.S. military operations since the Vietnam era, sending more than 2.2 million troops into battle, and resulting in more than 6,600 deaths and 48,000 injuries. Many service members returning from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan are relatively unscathed. Upon return, the vast majority report that their experiences were rewardi...

Kurds from Iraq (Dohuk and Erbil Area, North Iraq) have been analyzed for HLA genes. Their HLA genetic profile has been compared with that of other Kurd groups from Iran and Tbilisi (Georgia, Caucasus) and also Worldwide populations. A total of 7,746 HLA chromosomes have been used. Genetic distances, NJ dendrograms and correspondence analyses have been carried out. Haplotype HLA-B*52-DRB1*15 is...

The objective of the present research was to develop and evaluate a critical warzone experiences (CWE) scale for use with Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. The psychometric properties of the CWE were evaluated across three independent samples of Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. Despite its brevity (7 items), the CWE exhibited good internal consistency (average α =0.83), good temporal stability (1-year test-...

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a life-altering condition that has affected many of our soldiers returning from war. In the current conflicts, the improvised explosive device (IED) has greatly increased the potential for soldiers to sustain a TBI. This study's objective was to establish benchmark admission rates for U.S. Army soldiers with TBIs identified during deployment to Iraq an...

events of september the 11 and then us invasion of iraq resulted in wide formal and substantial alterations in political and security equilibriums of the middle east. by eliminating sadam hussein, us was trying to engineer a new government and power structure in iraq, within which the nature of a new constitution is considerably important. the author believes that the method of the approval of ...

In their Article on mortality before and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq (Nov 20, p 1857), Les Roberts and colleagues use several questionable sampling techniques that should have been more thoroughly examined before publication. Although sampling of 988 households randomly selected from a list of all households in a country would be routinely acceptable for a survey, this was far from the meth...

Health care in Iraq is the sector most influenced by variables such as political, cultural, social, and economic environments. The current status of national security, the deterioration of infrastructure, difficulty in accessing clean water and sewage services in some areas, and the national levels of poverty, malnutrition, and social fragility are all factors that negatively affect the health ...

The assassination of Iranian top nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh is one numerous assassinations in Iran conducted by foreign powers ever since 2007. In the past six months, assassins have addition to also been able kill Al-Qaida’s no. 2 on soil. three most important organizations intelligence community are Ministry Intelligence, as well Intelligence Organization and Protection Islamic Revo...