Social dilemmas have attracted extensive interest in multiagent system research in order to study the emergence of cooperative behaviors among selfish agents. Without extra mechanisms or assumptions, directly applying multiagent reinforcement learning in social dilemmas will end up with convergence to the Nash equilibrium of mutual defection among the agents. This paper investigates the importa...

Chip-multiprocessors (CMPs) are quickly becoming entrenched as the main-stream architectural platform in computer systems. One of the critical challenges facing CMPs is designing applications to effectively leverage the computational resources they provide. Modifying applications to effectively run on CMPs requires understanding the bottlenecks in applications, which necessitates a detailed und...

Numerous studies indicate that focusing on one’s important values or attributes, a process known as self-affirmation, facilitates forming intentions to change one’s behaviors in selfthreatening domains. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these effects. The present study tested the pre-registered hypothesis that self-affirmation increases intentions to change health-rele...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the healthy and unhealthy behaviors as risk factors for chronic constipation and self-rated health status. Eight hundred tenth students enrolled from a university in Miaoli city, Taiwan. Chronic constipation was assessed using Chinese questionnaire. Information of unhealthy and healthy lifestyles was interviewed by constructed questionnaire. Thirty-six...

The purpose of this study was to examine fruit and vegetable consumption reported by Florida middle school and high school students and to determine if consumption was associated with: (1) demographic characteristics; (2) body mass index (BMI); and/or (3) weight loss behaviors. Data from the 2009 Florida YRBS and the MSHBS were used. Both surveys used a two-stage cluster sample design, producin...

OBJECTIVES To examine the overall effectiveness of patient education and counseling on preventive health behaviors and to examine the effects of various approaches for modifying specific types of behaviors. DATA SOURCES Computerized databases (Medline, Healthline, Dissertation Abstracts, and Psychological Abstracts), bibliographies 1971-1994. Search terms (patient education, patient complianc...

OBJECTIVE Skipping breakfast and consuming fast food are related to the risk of obesity and are common adolescent behaviors. The relationship between these behaviors and biomarkers related to diabetes and CVD is understudied in this population. METHODS Data are from a study of the etiologic factors related to obesity risk in adolescents. Breakfast and fast food consumption were assessed using...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Self-monitoring of unwanted behavior is a common component of effective cognitive-behavioral therapy. Self-monitoring has often shown to lead to decreases in undesirable behavior. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of these 'reactive effects', we investigated whether behavioral changes as a result of self-monitoring were accompanied by changes in explicit and imp...

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of food advertising and television exposure on eating behaviour and nutritional status of children and adolescents. It was a cross sectional study developed among 116 students from a private school in Brazil. Socio-demographic and health conditions were evaluated. Anthropometric data, food consumption, physical activity, television viewing habits and b...