Forward integration has been explained both as a method of achieving monopoly power and as a source of greater efficiency [6, 16]. An efficiency perspective underpins the work of Chandler and Williamson who regard vertical integration, particularly into distribution, as a crucial step in the creation and success of large firms. While their views have moved closer, Chandler and Williamson emphas...

In this study, the effect of chromium impurities on crystal structure and lattice microstrains tin oxide nanoparticles was investigated. Pure SnO2 were synthesized subjected to calcination at different temperatures. Additionally, various concentrations (5%, 8%, 10% 15%) Cr-doped prepared using sol–gel technique subsequently calcined 550 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) X-ray diffracti...

Although Cs2AgBiBr6 halide elpasolites have gained substantial attention as potential nontoxic and stable alternatives to lead–halide perovskites, they are limited by their wide bandgaps >2.2 eV. Alloying with Sb into the pnictogen site has been shown be an effective method lower bandgap, but this not translated improvements in photovoltaic (PV) performance. Herein, underlying causes investigat...

The purpose of this study is preparation polyaniline–lead ferrite, polyaniline–cobalt ferrite and polyaniline/nickel thin layers. electromagnetic pollution a serious problem in the world that can be solved by interference (EMI) shielding. EMI layers synthesized conductive layer composed magnetic particles. Crystallite size samples was studied (XRD) analyze via Debye–Scherrer Williamson–Hall equ...

<p>This work focuses on the use of carbon-coated magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles as catalysts for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) emerging concern pollutant paracetamol (PCM). The core catalyst is composed CoFe2O4 developed by a sol-gel method. subsequently coated with formaldehyde-resorcinol resin and TEOS, further carbonized at 600 ºC, etched NaOH to create yolk-shell stru...

This article explains a novel synthesis for producing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by sol-gel technique using tetraisopropoxide as source. The synthesized were analyzed many measurements like X-ray diffraction (XRD), HRTEM, absorption UV spectroscopy, FTIR, and ac impedance spectroscopy. peaks used to calculate the crystallite size lattice strain Williamson–Hall method. Crystallite cal...

This paper studies the effects of the covering layers on the performance of a cross-like Hall plate. Three different structures of a cross-like Hall plate in various sizes are designed and analyzed. The Hall plate sensitivity and offset are characterized using a self-built measurement system. The effect of the P-type region over the active area on the current-related sensitivity is studied for ...

We present a novel technique for the investigation of local variations of the critical current density in large bulk superconductors. In contrast to the usual Hall probe scanning technique, the sample is not magnetized as a whole before the scan, but locally by a small permanent magnet, which is fixed near the Hall probe, during the scanning process. The resulting signal can be interpreted as a...