on the threshold of the twenty first century certain womenwriters appeared on the literary scene, whose ability to represent individualand social conditions was admired by critics. this essay looks at the writingsof three women who have attempted in an original way to depict the differentfacets of modern life in their works and have been received relatively well bycultural media and literary ci...

john gardner’s grendel is a celebrated example of the ontological postmodernist fiction. along with a discovery of self with which grendel the narrator of the novel is concerned, grand narratives such as philosophy are questioned. grendel denies the external objective reality and generously allows the legitimacy of fantastic and non-realistic methods by using “life-affirming fabulous art” as it...

abstract quality of life is a many-sided and complex concept and includes not only physical aspects of life. measuring and discovering this concept depends on many factors such as cultural, social, economical and even environmental. in this research, the connection between women’s quality of life and their access to public utilities and municipal services, health level and safety level of neigh...

kiarostami’s unfinished cinema emphasizes the importance of audiences’ involvement in a movie by using postmodern images. some essential points of critically reading his, so-called half-created cinema, could be summarized as self-reflexive style, diagrammatical perspectives, in-between narratives,and individual minimalism. the main postmodern achievement of this cinema is focusing on the proces...

Despite significant resistance, psychology is being dragged into the postmodern era. While many debate whether the postmodern era has officially begun, others argue that the postmodern era has already past by. This said, the emergent consensus is that these are postmodern times. Much of contemporary Western culture and academia is beginning to embrace this paradigm shift, though the field of ps...