Soft tissue modeling for the creation of a haptic simulator for training medical skills has been the focus of many attempts up to now. In soft tissue modeling the most important parameter considered is its being real-time, as well as its accuracy and sensitivity. In this paper, ANFIS approach is used to present a nonlinear model for soft tissue. The required data for training the neuro-fuzzy mo...

1. Modeling Methodologies 2. Essentials of Mathematical Modeling for Complex Systems 3. Essentials of Simulation for Complex Global Systems 3.1. Alternative Scenario Simulations. Policy Exercise: Simulations of the Asian Financial Crisis 3.2. Alternative Scenario Simulations. Policy Exercise: Information Technology Innovation Scenario 4. Simulation Techniques and Software 5. Conclusion Appendix...

Multiple coupled circuit modeling of squirrel-cage induction motors, or winding function approach is the most detailed and complete analytical model used to analyze the performance of the faulty induction motors. This paper extends the above-mentioned model to a saturable model including variable degrees of the saturation effects using an appropriate air gap function and novel techniques for lo...

Owing to climate change, according to annual Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, sea level rise is inevitable. The sea level rise in different parts of the coastal areas in the world continents, may be calculated and thus predicted for ten years in the future, a hundred years out and beyond, with decreasing confidence. Amongst experts, the amount of sea level rise at diffe...

Ocean surface waves (sea and swell) are generated by winds blowing over a distance (fetch) for a duration of time. In the Arctic Ocean, fetch varies seasonally from essentially zero in winter to hundreds of kilometers in recent summers. Using in situ observations of waves in the central Beaufort Sea, combined with a numerical wave model and satellite sea ice observations, we show that wave ener...

[1] Annually integrated measurements of pCO2 have demonstrated that seasonally stratified regions of temperate shelf seas can be an important sink of atmospheric CO2. A key process to support this sink is the transport of carbon from shelf seas to below the permanent pycnocline of the deep ocean. Using a hydrodynamic model simulation of the northwest European Continental shelf, we find that bot...

Data from a research tower in Lake Ontario are used to study the validity of MoninObukhov scaling in the marine atmospheric boundary layer under various wave conditions. It is found that over pure wind seas, the velocity spectra and cospectra follow established universal scaling laws. However in the presence of swells outrunning weak winds, velocity spectra and co-spectra no longer satisfy univ...

The morphologic and genetic variations of Engraulis encrasicolus (L. 1758) were studied based on morphometric, meristic and allozyme analyses. Samples were collected throughout the Black, Marmara and Aegean Seas. Discriminant function analysis of both morphometric and meristic characters indicated the existence of four morphologically differentiated groups of E. encrasicolus. The Aegean Sea and...

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isolated carbon nanotubes (cnts), cnt films and cnt-polymer nanocomposites are a new generation of materials with outstanding mechanical, thermal, electrical and electromagnetic properties. the main objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on the investigations performed in the field of characterizing electrical and electromagnetic properties of isolated cnts and cnt-reinf...