(Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, 1919); P. M. Brown, M. K. Hughes, C. H. Baisan, T. W. Swetnam, A. C. Caprio, Tree-Ring Bull., in press]. 11. R. J. Hartesveldt, Nat. Hist. 73, 12 (1964); N. L. Stephenson, D. J. Parsons, T. W. Swetnam, in Proceedings-17th Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Tallahassee, FL, 18 to 21 May 1989 (Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL, ...

Fire is the primary form of disturbance in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. However, our knowledge of the biochemical mechanisms by which fire stimulates forest N cycling is incomplete. Charcoal is a major byproduct of forest fires and is ubiquitous in soils of most forest ecosystems, yet the biological function of charcoal in soils of forest ecosystems has been greatly overlooked. We co...

Understanding how ignitions occur is critical for effectively mitigating home fire losses during wildland fires. The threat of life and property losses during wildland fires is a significant issue for Federal, State, and local agencies that have responsibilities involving homes within and adjacent to wildlands. Agencies have shifted attention to communities adjacent to wildlands through pre-sup...

Wilderness managers strive to provide quality recreation experiences. Because of this commitment, a need exists to further incorporate experiential aspects into current planning and management frameworks. This article suggests a focus on relationships with wilderness, moving beyond the examination of single transactions with a setting toward a consideration of the dynamic engagements visitors a...

We evaluated the condition of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (0. uirginianus) killed by mountain lions (Felti concolor), coyotes (Cants Zatrans), and automobiles from December through March, 1969-81 in western Montana. Predators killed prime-aged animals and automobiles killed (G = 41.4, P < 0.001) more fawns and old-aged animals. Fifty-three deer (90%) killed by automobi...

Native salmonid fishes often face simultaneous threats from habitat fragmentation and invasion by nonnative trout species. Unfortunately, management actions to address one may create or exacerbate the other. A consistent decision process would include a systematic analysis of when and where intentional use or removal of barriers is the most appropriate action. We developed a Bayesian belief net...

Pregermination treatments applied to seed of Gardner saltbush, [ALriplexgar&cri(Moq.) D. Dietr.] were evahtated for alleviation of seed dormancy. Treatments selected simulated conditions the seed might be exposed to in its natural environment, including dry afterripening, scarification, leaching, and cold stratification. Germination response to individual treatments was equal to or higher than ...

—Studies of song and its function in suboscine passerines are rare. We examined spatial and temporal variation in song structure in a wild population of Olive-sided Flycatchers (Contopus cooperi) and tested among hypotheses explaining this variation. Repeatable variation in song type was observed both within and among individuals. More than 10% of territorial males expressed atypical song types...

Soaring expenditures for fire management in the USDA Forest Service have caused substantial concern over fire management costs, especially in light of questions about the role of fire in ecosystems. This report contains analysis of most Forest Service fire management expenditures between fiscal years 1970-98. Expenditure information was obtained from a variety of sources, including electronic f...

Following denervation of skeletal muscle a number of changes occur. The most obvious of these is the progressive decrease in size or atrophy ofthe muscle. This involves a decrease in dry as well as wet weight of the tissue. That increase in size of a muscle may occur following section of the motor nerve was demonstrated in this laboratory by Martin & Sola (1948) and by Sola & Martin (1953). App...