Communication is a process of exchanging information via a common system. There are many natural ways in which individuals may communicate. Besides linguistic communication, which is at the core of human communication, humans communicate using arm gestures, body postures, facial expressions, eye contact, and head and body movements. Communication may be intentional and nonintentional. In both c...

What and how do they eat? Most species are thought to be carnivorous grazers, feeding on sponges, cnidaria or even molluscs. Abyssal pycnogonids have been observed in association with anemones at whale-and wood-fall sites on the sea bed (Figure 2). They can both walk and swim, although walking is extremely slow. Some species 'swim' by tucking up their legs and allowing themselves to sink rapidl...

This paper reports about our investigation on action understanding in the brain. We review recent results of the neurophysiology of the mirror system in the monkey. Based on these observations we propose a model of this brain system which is responsible for action recognition. The link between object affordances and action understanding is considered. To support our hypothesis we describe two e...

higher-level representations when we are thinking more abstractly. By any metric, my publication record shows that I am quite sympathetic to the idea that sensory and motor systems play a substantial role in what we have traditionally viewed as “higher cognition.” Some cognitive psychologists might even label me as an embodied cognition theorist for all the reasons noted above. But at the same ...

We recorded electrical activity from 532 neurons in the rostral part of inferior area 6 (area F5) of two macaque monkeys. Previous data had shown that neurons of this area discharge during goal-directed hand and mouth movements. We describe here the properties of a newly discovered set of F5 neurons ("mirror neurons', n = 92) all of which became active both when the monkey performed a given act...

Mirror neurons were first discovered in area F5 of macaque monkeys. In humans, noninvasive studies have demonstrated an increased blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in homologous motor areas during action observation. One approach to demonstrating that this indicates the existence of mirror neurons in humans has been to employ functional (f)MRI adaptation to test whether the same popula...