Measuring minimal residual disease (MRD) to detect 1 or fewer CLL cells in 10 000 normal leukocytes has consistently shown correlation with long-term clinical outcomes when examined in the context of prospective clinical trials. Substantial international effort has provided a sound scientific foundation establishing valid and reproducible methods in flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction–...

Although the nucleoside analogs cladribine and pentostatin produce high response rates in patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), a significant number of patients eventually relapse. Several studies have demonstrated that patients with complete remission (CR) have a longer disease-free survival. Therefore, strategies to improve on the initial response to nucleoside analog therapy are likely to...

Risk directed treatment forms a central component of modern protocols for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). A review of recent studies of minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis shows that it is a powerful prognostic factor in both first line and relapse treatment. However, the value of MRD analysis is both time point and protocol specific, and the threshold for MRD detection of th...

A blood-based molecular test might direct recommendations for systemic therapies in patients with early-stage breast cancer undergoing surgery with curative intent. A new study suggests that droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) can be used to detect cancer-specific DNA alterations in plasma with sensitivity suitable for monitoring minimal residual disease.

The prognosis for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is heterogeneous. A minority of patients have clinical and biologic features associated with a very high risk of relapse. For the remaining patients, no clear prognostic factors can be identified at diagnosis. The degree of treatment response is likely to be an informative predictor of outcome for these patients. Modern assays to dete...

To detect more precisely the minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), two-color flow cytometric analysis for the detection of cell-surface antigen (CD10; CALLA) and nuclear terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was performed in the six patients with CALLA-positive ALL coexpressing TdT. In all patients, the leukemic blasts coexpressed Ia (HLA-DR), CD9, CD19, CD20, CD...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation is frequently used in the treatment of malignant diseases, but contamination of the graft by tumour cells is a real concern and may lead to disease relapse. The feasibility of applying heterogeneous single base genetic changes as tumour specific markers to detect minimal residual disease in PBPC harvests was studied, using ...

In this paper, I develop an industry-level index of capital-embodied R&D by capturing the extent of research and development directed at the capital goods in which a given industry invests. Compiling and adjusting data from the National Science Foundation and Commerce Department, I construct industry-level, time-series measures of this index and investigate its properties. The data allow me to ...

This work is concerned with the development and study of a minimum residual norm subspace method based on the generalized conjugate residual method with inner orthogonalization (GCRO) method that allows flexible preconditioning and deflated restarting for the solution of nonsymmetric or non-Hermitian linear systems. First we recall the main features of flexible generalized minimum residual with...

Multiparametric flow cytometry is an alternative approach to the polymerase chain reaction method for evaluating minimal residual disease in treatment protocols for primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Given considerable differences between primary and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment regimens, flow cytometric assessment of minimal residual disease in relapsed leukemia requires ...