Robotic surgical systems, such as the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, California), have revolutionized laparoscopic surgery but are limited by large size, increased costs, and limitations in imaging. Miniature in vivo robots are being developed that are inserted entirely into the peritoneal cavity for laparoscopic and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgic...

A high-resolution miniature spectrometer has been demonstrated by utilizing a 128-channel integrated filter array, fabricated by using the combinatorial deposition technique, as a dispersive component whose passbands range from 722.0 to 880.0 nm with a bandwidth (or spectral resolution) from 1.7 to 3.8 nm and an average channel interval of 1.2 nm. The miniature spectrometer is smaller than 1 cm...

We demonstrate a miniature microfabricated saturated absorption laser spectrometer. The system consists of miniature optics, a microfabricated Rb vapor cell, heaters, and a photodetector, all contained within a volume of 0.1 cm(3). Saturated absorption spectra were measured with a diode laser at 795 nm. They are comparable to signals obtained with standard table-top setups, although the rubidiu...

In this paper, using Clarke’s generalized directional derivative and dI-invexity we introduce new concepts of nonsmooth K-α-dI-invex and generalized type I univex functions over cones for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem with cone constraints. We obtain some sufficient optimality conditions and Mond-Weir type duality results under the foresaid generalized invexity and type I cone-univexi...

In this paper, we prove some properties of algebraic cone metric spaces and introduce the notion of algebraic distance in an algebraic cone metric space. As an application, we obtain some famous fixed point results in the framework of this algebraic distance.

Recently, Choudhury and Metiya [Fixed points of weak contractions in cone metric spaces, Nonlinear Analysis 72 (2010) 1589-1593] proved some fixed point theorems for weak contractions in cone metric spaces. Weak contractions are generalizations of the Banach's contraction mapping, which have been studied by several authors. In this paper, we introduce the notion of $f$-weak contractions and als...

The subject of the proposed research is a historical analysis works masters Palekh craft 1930s - 1970s in field design theatrical productions – little-studied phenomenon Russian folk culture twentieth century. author article draws most illustrative examples, referring to sketches created by artists for Soviet theater. Special attention study paid largest figures who worked design: I. Golikov, P...

In this paper, a Krein-Milman  type theorem in $T_0$ semitopological cone is proved,  in general. In fact, it is shown that in any locally convex $T_0$ semitopological cone, every convex compact saturated subset is the compact saturated convex hull of its extreme points, which improves the results of Larrecq.

With the advent and wide spread use of computers a number of algorithms have been developed to determine the optimum ultimate pit limits in open pit mining. The main objective of these algorithms is to find groups of blocks that should be removed to yield the maximum overall mining profit under specified economic conditions and technological constraints. The most common methods are: Lerchs and ...

Given the prominence and centrality of concepts such as international system or international society in the writings of classical ‘English School’-thinkers like for example Hedley Bull and Martin Wight, their strong interest in the history and evolution of international systems/ societies and their occupation with patterns of order in an anarchical international realm, the total lack of percep...