background: recently, some new viruses have been identified for their association with hepatitis which torque teno mini virus being among them. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of torque teno mini virus in healthy individuals and hepatitis b and c patients in isfahan, iran. materials and methods: one hundred serum samples of healthy individuals from isfahan blood transfusion...

Given the importance of potato in the economy and people’s nutrition, as well as planting of disease-free seeds, it seems necessary to produce healthy seeds through tissue culture. This study was conducted during 2012-2013 at the Research Center of Agricultural University of Tajikistan aiming to evaluate the effect of different sizes of mini-tuber on yield and yield components of potato crop. A...

In this paper, the low-power adiabatic dynamic CMOS logic (ADCL) digital pulse width modulation (PWM) has been designed for solid state lighting (SSL) dimming system. Architecture of ADCL digital 3-bit PWM is miniaturized. 60 transistors and 15 capacitors were reduced. Furthermore, the clock cut-off circuit which controls wake-up and sleep mode of ADCL DFFs is proposed. The power consumption of...

Redshift obeys adiabatic invariance. From this fact it follows that not only the individual photons are dimmed by a factor of z + 1 (if z is the redshift in percent), but the photon flux is reduced by the same factor once more. Hence the luminosity of any source is in the presence of redshift dimmed by a factor of (z+1). This model-independent result possibly "explains away" the excess dimming ...

There are several types of dimmers generally available. Those employing triac or thyristor devices operate in a very similar fashion. These are used for resistive, and inductive loads, such as incandescent, cold cathode and low voltage (inductive) lamp sources. Note that not all electronic transformers used for low voltage lamps are suitable for dimming by triac or thyristor dimmers. Specialist...