[1] One process for the formation of continental crust is the accretion of arc terranes at continental margins. A longstanding problem with this model is that although the composition of the continental crust is andesitic, the majority of arc lavas are basaltic. Moreover, those arc lavas that are andesitic tend to be evolved (lower Mg #) compared to the continental crust. Continental crust can ...

Reflectance spectra of carbonate minerals in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) wavelength regions contain a number of diagnostic absorption features. The shape of these features depends on various physical and chemical parameters. To accurately identify carbonate minerals or rocks in pure and mixed form, it is necessary to analyze the effects of the parameters on spectral...

30 Abstract—The blessings of hyperspectral remote sensing are manifold and it has enabled researchers to locate, map and identify different materials on the surface of Earth. Hyperspectral remote sensing play a key role in mineral mapping activities and it can be a much powerful and cost effective tool for mineral development activities in a developing country like Pakistan where there are rich...

Based on the analysis of geological structure territory, mineral composition rocks and bedding conditions, most promising areas for development Bazhenov formation were localized.

Introduction: Laser Raman spectroscopy offers the exciting opportunity to interrogate rocks in their natural geological context, preserving the mineral constituents along with their textural and morphological information (Figure 1). Microscopic Raman spectroscopy is a nondestructive means of generating two dimensional maps of mineralogy on the order of grain sizes. Because of its versatility, R...

In order to fully delineate the interactions of microorganisms with geological substrates, unequivocal identification of intact microbial cells within geologic samples is required without the disruption of either the rock texture or the relationship of the microorganisms to the mineral fabric. To achieve this objective we developed a protocol that enables the visualization of intact microbial c...

introduction worldwide, ni-cu and pge magmatic sulfide deposits are confined to the lower parts of stratiform mafic and ultramafic complexes. however, ophiolite mafic and ultramafic complexes have been rarely explored for sulfide deposits despite the fact that they have been extensively explored and exploited for chromite. sulfide saturation during magmatic evolution is necessary for sulfide mi...

Granites are becoming increasingly popular and, as a result, their areas of use expanding. In addition to colour and particle size, the surface roughness machined material is an important aspect application. order create suitable roughness, type rocks located on surface, elemental composition microhardness minerals important, because knowledge these characteristics can be used determine machini...