[1] We measured characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and black carbon (BC) along opposed northand south-facing toposequences in recent (2004) and old ( 1860–1950) burn sites throughout interior Alaska. Surface fuel consumption did not vary between different topographic positions, with 3.3 (±0.5) kg C m 2 being consumed on toe slope sites, 4.0 (±0.2) kg C m 2 on north-slope sites, and 3....

Environmental filtering—abiotic and biotic constraints on the demographic performance of individual organisms—is a widespread mechanism of selection in communities. A given individual is “filtered out” (i.e., selectively removed) when environmental conditions or disturbances like fires preclude its survival and reproduction. Although interactions between these filters and dispersal from the reg...

The objective of this paper is to view climate change in the framework of economic growth under no controls on emissions as the baseline modeling for further research in formulating an environmental treaty. This paper analyses the economic growth with dynamic of emissions and its impacts under an overlapping-generation model. The burning of fossil fuels main source of greenhouse gases, and rene...

The conversion of various solid low-cost fuels into valuable gas with high energy content is attracting increasing interest within the chemical industry and the energy supply sector. For the gasification of carbonic fuels, fluidized bed processing based on the dual fluidized bed concept is utilized preferably. Dual fluidized bed gasification technology greatly intensifies the conversion of the ...

Volatile energy costs and environmental concerns have spurred interest in the development of alternative, renewable, sustainable, and cost-effective energy resources. Environment-friendly processes involving microbes can be used to synthesize advanced biofuels. These fuels have the potential to replace fossil fuels in supporting high-power demanding machinery such as aircrafts and trucks. From ...

Growing concern regarding energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative sources of energy. To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternative fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesels offer a very promising alternative to diesel oil since they are rene...

Combustion of fossil fuels has been the backbone of the power generation, manufacturing and transportation industries in the twentieth century. Although the mix of fuels has changed, at the close of the century we find that combustion systems have not changed overmuch. Operational caused by inorganic elements in fossil fuels (corrosion, slagging, and fouling) continue to present problems in com...

The Air Force employs or generates a variety of materials, such as fuels, some of which may be potentially hazardous and could be released into the environment. Effective tools are required to predict and assess the fate of these agents in the ; environment. It is equally important, to understand the basic biological mechanisms of these agents. We have thus begun to assess whether these fuels k...

Large-scale utilization of solar-energy resources will require considerable advances in energy-storage technologies to meet ever-increasing global energy demands. Other than liquid fuels, existing energy-storage materials do not provide the requisite combination of high energy density, high stability, easy handling, transportability and low cost. New hybrid solar thermal fuels, composed of phot...

Herbivory by domestic and wild ungulates can dramatically affect vegetation structure, composition and dynamics in nearly every terrestrial ecosystem of the world. These effects are of particular concern in forests of western North America, where intensive herbivory by native and domestic ungulates has the potential to substantially reduce or eliminate deciduous, highly palatable species of asp...