Medicare managed care has a long history, dating back to the beginning of the Medicare program. The role and prominence of managed care in Medicare have both changed over the years; though plan participation has waxed and waned, enrollment has grown steadily The greatest growth in Medicare managed care enrollment occurred in the middle to late 1990s, coinciding with the "managed care revolution...

In this paper we provide a thorough classification of Friedman-Lemâıtre-RobertsonWalker (FLRW) cosmological models in terms of the strong or weak character of their singularities according to the usual definitions. The classification refers to a generalised Puiseux power expansion of the scale factor of the model around a singular event.

BACKGROUND It is unclear how long it takes for health interventions to transition from research and development (R&D) to being used against diseases prevalent in resource-poor countries. We undertook an analysis of the time required to begin implementation of four vaccines and three malaria interventions. We evaluated five milestones for each intervention, and assessed if the milestones were as...