BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to determine the effects of two different calcium channel antagonists, S-emopamil and nimodipine, on hippocampal glutamate and glycine release and to compare their effects to those of mild hypothermia. METHODS New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to two 7.5-minute episodes of global cerebral ischemia at a 1-hour interval produced by neck tourniquet inflati...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an alternative cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) using emergency cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), coronary reperfusion therapy and mild hypothermia. BACKGROUND Good recovery of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is still inadequate. An alternative therapeutic method for patients who do not respond to conve...

Hypothermia is potently neuroprotective but poor mechanistic understanding has restricted its clinical use. Rodent studies indicate that hypothermia can elicit preconditioning, wherein a subtoxic cellular stress confers resistance to an otherwise lethal injury. The molecular basis of this preconditioning remains obscure. Here we explore molecular effects of cooling using functional cortical neu...

To the Editor:—I read with great interest the excellent article by Dr. Rajagopalan et al. detailing their meta-analysis to investigate the relation between mild perioperative hypothermia, blood loss, and transfusion. Their analysis demonstrated that mild hypothermia increases blood loss by approximately 16% and increases the risk for transfusion by approximately 22%. My first question to the au...

BACKGROUND Because the time available for cooling and rewarming during deliberate mild hypothermia is limited, studies of the rate of the cooling and rewarming are useful. The decrease in core hypothermia caused by heat redistribution depends on the anaesthetic agent used. We therefore investigated possible differences between sevoflurane and propofol on the decrease and recovery of core temper...

Hypothermia is an effective neuroprotective treatment for brain injury caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). It is reported to reduce brain edema and neuronal cell death. Thrombin, a coagulation protease released from blood clots, is critical in brain edema formation following ICH. Protease activated receptor‑1 (PAR‑1), matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP‑9) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) are edema‑ass...

Mild hypothermia, 32–358C, is very potent at reducing myocardial infarct size in rabbits, dogs, sheep, pigs, and rats. The benefit is directly related to reduction in normothermic ischaemic time, supporting the relevance of early and rapid cooling. The cardioprotective effect of mild hypothermia is not limited to its recognized reduction of infarct size, but also results in conservation of post...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Mild hypothermia has proven useful in the clinical management of patients with acute liver failure. Acute liver failure in experimental animals results in alterations in the expression of genes coding for astrocytic proteins including the "peripheral-type" (astrocytic) benzodiazepine receptor (PTBR), a mitochondrial complex associated with neurosteroid synthesis. To gain further...

Mild hypothermia is an established neuroprotectant in the laboratory, showing remarkable and consistent effects across multiple laboratories and models of brain injury. At the clinical level, mild hypothermia has shown benefits in patients who have experienced cardiac arrest and in some pediatric populations experiencing hypoxic brain insults. Its role, however, in stroke therapy has yet to be ...