We present new models of the deuterium chemistry in protoplanetary disks, including, for the first time, multiply deuterated species. We use these models to explore whether observations in combination with models can give us clues as to which desorption processes occur in disks. We find, in common with other authors, that photodesorption can allow strongly bound molecules such as HDO to exist i...

An increase in ELM frequency has been demonstrated in MAST by applying resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) with toroidal mode number, nRMP = 2, 3, 4, 6. It has been observed that the mitigated ELM frequency increases with the amplitude of the applied field provided it is above a critical threshold. This threshold value depends on the mode number of the RMP, with higher nRMP having a larger c...

In-vivo dosimetry techniques are currently being applied only by a few Centers because they require time-consuming implementation measurements, and workload for detector positioning and data analysis. The transit in-vivo dosimetry performed by the electronic portal imaging device (EPID) avoids the problem of solid-state detector positioning on the patient. Moreover, the dosimetric characterizat...

Abstract The effects of embedding a midplane carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet on the impact damage resistance, tensile strength and propensity for interlaminar shear failure in fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite is experimentally evaluated. External internal impacted laminates were characterized via surface profilometry ultrasonic C‐scan, respectively. external dent areas depths greater witho...

We calculate the structure and neutron content of neutrino-heated magnetohydrodynamic winds driven from the surface of newly-formed magnetars (“proto-magnetars”) and from the midplane of hyper-accreting disks, two of the possible central engines for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and hyper-energetic supernovae (SNe). Both the surface of proto-magnetars and the midplane of neutrino-cooled accretion flo...

Feedback from massive stars is one of the least understood aspects of galaxy formation. We perform a suite of vertically stratified local interstellar medium (ISM) models in which supernova rates and vertical gas column densities are systematically varied based on the Schmidt-Kennicutt law. Our simulations have a sufficiently high spatial resolution (1.95 pc) to follow the hydrodynamic interact...

As discussed in Gómez & Cox (2002), the extra stiffness that the magnetic field adds to the ISM changes the way it reacts to the presence of a spiral perturbation. At intermediate to high z, the gas shoots up before the arm, flows over, and falls behind it, as it approaches the next arm. This generates a multicell circulation pattern, within each of which the net radial mass flux is positive ne...

The layout of the major components of the BPX poloidal field (PF) system is shown in Fig. 5.1. External to the toroidal field (TF) magnet and assembly are the seven updown symmetric pairs of primary PF-producing coils. These are called the external PF coils. They are labeled in pairs, with PFlU being the inner (small major radius) PF coil closest to and above the midplane and PFZU-PF7U proceedi...

Gravitational instability of a vertically thin, dusty sheet near the midplane of a protoplanetary disk has long been proposed as a way of forming planetesimals. Before Roche densities can be achieved, however, the dust-rich layer, sandwiched from above and below by more slowly rotating dust-poor gas, threatens to overturn and mix by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). Whether such a threat ...

Large-scale radial transport of solids appears to be a fundamental consequence of protoplanetary disk evolution based on the presence of high temperature minerals in comets and the outer regions of protoplanetary disks around other stars. Further, inward transport of solids from the outer regions of the solar nebula has been postulated to be the manner in which short-lived radionuclides were in...