introduction: adherence to diet and fluids is the cornerstone of patients undergoing hemodialysis. by informing hemodialysis patients we can help them have a proper diet and reduce mortality and complications of toxins. face to face education is one of the most common methods of training in health care system. but advantages of video- based education are being simple and cost-effective, althoug...

objective: different educational tools are now commonly used in universities worldwide such as illustrations, audio and videotapes, etc. this study aimed to compare the efficacy of educational film and clinical demonstration for instruction of fiber-reinforced composite (frc) post restorations to dental students in department of restorative dentistry.   methods: this interventional study was co...

background: driver fatigue is one of the major implications in transportation safety and accounted for up to 40% of road accidents. this study aimed to analyze the eeg alpha power changes in partially sleep-deprived drivers while performing a simulated driving task. methods: twelve healthy male car drivers participated in an overnight study. continuous eeg and eog records were taken during driv...

background and objectives : in iran, anaplasmosis is normally diagnosed with traditional giemsa staining method. this is not applicable for identification of the carrier animals. the aim of this study was to compare the detection of anaplasma marginale in two different numbers of microscopic fields (50 and 100) using conventional giemsa staining method compared with the pcr-rflp technique. mate...

background and objectives: cardiospermum halicacabum l. is a climber plant of sapindaceae family with certain medicinal properties that have made it to be used traditionally in different systems of medicine such as ayurveda, homeopathy and unani medicine. literature survey has revealed the reports about some investigations but references were not available about the seeds of c. halicacabum; hen...

leiomyoma is a rare esophageal tumor that constitutes less than 1% of esophageal malignancies. it should be removed when diagnosed even if asymptomatic. this study presents two cases of esophageal leiomyoma in 38 and 62 years old men who presented with dysphagia and evaluated for diagnosis and location of related tumors. patients were clinically examined and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, ch...

cadmium (cd), known as a non-essential heavy metal, can cause oxidative stress in plants. in this study, an attempt was carried out to find out whether cd-induced oxidative and microscopic changes could be observed in the early stage of seedling growth. seeds of brassica napus (cvs. zheda 619 and zs 758) were germinated in vitro at 0, 100, 200, 300, and 500 μm cd concentrations in dark for 48 h...

atypical presentation is the most common form of celiac disease (cd). although the terminologies like latent, silent and potential have expressed different aspects of clinical and pathological behaviour of cd, they also have contributed in some extent to confusion between clinicians and patients due to the multiple definitions and uncertainty around them. in the light of new advances and the di...

The shape of microscopic fuel droplets may differ from the perfect sphere, affecting their external surface area and thus the heat transfer with the surrounding gas. Hence there is a need for the characterization of droplet shapes, and the estimation of external surface area, in order to enable the development of physically accurate mathematical models for the heating and evaporation of diesel ...