Biofilms are complex aggregations of microorganisms attached to a surface. The formation of biofilms might facilitate certain survival and virulence characteristics under some situations. This study tested the hypothesis that the ability of Enterococcus faecalis to form biofilms is related to the source of the strains. E. faecalis strains recovered from root canals (n = 33), the oral cavity (n ...

Deep-sea hydrothermal vent species are widely dispersed among habitat islands found along the global mid-ocean ridge system. We examine factors that affect population structure, gene flow and isolation in vent-endemic mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus from the eastern Pacific Ocean. Mussels were sampled from localities including the Galapagos Rift (GAR, 0 degrees 48' N; 86 degrees 10' W) and t...

In vitro experiments in plastic receptacles are the basis of characterization of new photosensitizers (PSs) for the photodynamic therapy. We recently reported that lipophilic PSs adhere to cell culture microplates in a kinetic-like manner (Engelhardt et al., 2011). In the current study, we examined the interaction and phototoxic effects of the microplate-adhered PS in cancer cells. Therefore, w...

A new optical sensing microplate was developed for rapid screening for the presence of biogenic amines (BAs) in seafood samples with high sensitivity. The deposition of a sensing spot (containing a chameleon dye (Py-1) in a polymeric cocktail) on the bottom of the wells of a standard microplate renders the plate a new sensing tool for a rapid and parallel detection of up to 96 (real) samples. T...

abstract reading is a cognitive activity involving skills, strategies, attentional resources, knowledge resources and their integration. the reader’s role is to decode the written symbols to allow for the recovery of information from long-term memory to construct a plausible interpretation of the writer’s message. various number of reading models have been proposed by researchers among which so...

In the Katha Range of central Myanmar, lithologic tracers and pressure-temperature-deformation-time data identify Cambro-Ordovician, Indian-affinity Tethyan Himalaya Series, located ∼700 km from their easternmost outcrop in S-Tibet, ∼450 Himalayan rocks Eastern Syntaxis. Metamorphism began at ∼65 Ma, peaked ∼45 Ma (∼510°C, 0.93 GPa), exhumation/cooling (∼25°C/Myr) occurred until ∼30 a subductio...

To evaluate the effect of eucalyptus, sappan, and cinnamon leaf bark extract on percentage S. mutans biofilm formation. The test group was divided into a negative control (1% Dimethyl sulfoxide), treatment (eucalyptus, leaves at concentrations 50%, 25%, 12.5%, respectively), positive (0.2% chlorhexidine). Each concentration barks extract, Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI-B), bacteria according t...