Ms. A had a history of bipolar disorder and developed postpartum psychosis after her first child was born. She responded to lithium and risperidone. After the delivery of a second child while taking lithium, she again required risperidone (1.5 mg/day) for mood instability and obsessive ruminations about harming her baby. She had trace cogwheeling but no other extrapyramidal symptoms. She did no...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Determining the cause of Cushing's syndrome can be difficult. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) sampling after ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (oCRH) stimulation is an established technique for the differentiation of pituitary from nonpituitary sources of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production. The purpose of this study was to review our experience to d...

BACKGROUND Cushing's syndrome is the term used to describe a set of symptoms associated with hypercortisolism, which in most cases is caused by hypophysial microadenoma over-secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone. This endocrine disorder is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities. The most important include mood disorders, psychotic disorders, cognitive dysfunctions and anxiety disorders...

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominantly inherited syndrome. MEN1 is characterized by the presence of functioning and nonfunctioning tumors or hyperplasia of the pituitary gland, parathyroid glands, and pancreatic islet cells. In addition, MEN1 carriers can have adrenal or thyroid tumors and non-endocrine tumors, such as lipomas, angiofibromas, and leiomyomas. Altho...

This paper reports the cases of two Thai children diagnosed with primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). The first was a thirteen and a half year old male who presented with Cushing syndrome for three years and severe osteoporosis. He had hypercortisolemia, a non-suppressible dexamethasone suppression test, and low serum ACTH. A CT scan showed slight enlargement of both adrena...

Inflammation is a critical player in the development of both colitis-associated and sporadic colon cancers. Several studies suggest that the microbiota contribute to inflammation and tumorigenesis; however, studies to understand the role of the microbiota in colon tumor development in germ-free (GF) mice are limited. We therefore studied the effects of the microbiota on the development of infla...

BACKGROUND Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have occasionally been described in association with neurofibromatosis type 1, whereas an association with neurofibromatosis type 2 has never been reported. CASE PRESENTATION This report refers to an Italian 69 year old woman with neurofibromatosis type 2 and a pancreatic gastrinoma. In the past she had encephalic meningiomas, a tongue s...

A retrospective review of 120 patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas revealed that computed tomography (CT) was less sensitive and less specific than hormonal methods in identifying residual functioning adenomas. However, CT was the only useful method of evaluating nonfunctioning tumors, including pseudo-prolactinomas. Enlargement of the pituitary stalk, when seen on...

Cushing's disease (CD) is the most common cause of endogenous Cushing's syndrome in children and adolescents and represents a rare cause of short stature. A 14-year-old boy came to our attention for progressive weight gain and short stature. At examination, height was 140 cm (3rd centile) and weight was 37.7 kg (10th centile). Tanner stage was G2, PH 3, testis 3 mL. Hypothyroidism and growth ho...