X-ray based metrology techniques have demonstrated their capabilities for the measurement of critical process parameters on complex microelectronic thin film structures such as layer crystallinity or texture analysis (X-ray Diffraction, XRD), multilayer thickness (X-ray Reflectivity, XRR), material composition (X-ray Fluorescence, XRF) [1]. Achieving the X-ray beam spatial resolution and photon...

The distribution and speciation of As and Cr in a contaminated soil were studied by synchrotron-based X-ray microfluorescence (μ-XRF), microfocused X-ray absorption spectroscopy (μ-XAS), and bulk extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). The soil was taken from a park in Wilmington, DE, which had been an important center for the leather tanning industry along the Atlantic s...

Advanced microanalytical techniques are extensively used in art and archeology for validation and authentication, studying materials and processes, attribution, obtaining forensic clues, and more. Multipleinstrument analyses of selected features-of-interest (FOIs) on an object are required to provide their comprehensive characterization. It is necessary, therefore, to be able to repeatedly loca...

The assessment of past chronic lead exposure is difficult. Chronic lead burden is not always correctly assessed using laboratory-based tests that are useful for acute or recent exposures. We describe a case of suspected chronic lead exposure that illustrated the need for improved and possibly noninvasive methods to determine cumulative lead body burden. X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) is discussed as ...

Childhood lead (Pb) poisoning remains a global issue, especially in industrial areas. In this study, 115 children with average age 5.7 years were recruited as either patient diagnosed with Pb poisoning or controls at Xinhua Hospital in China. The subjects' bone Pb was measured with a K-shell X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) and a portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) system. A significant correlation betw...

The identification of organic colorants in works of art has traditionally been one of the most difficult challenges in cultural heritage science. While non-invasive methods such as X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), or Raman microscopy are extremely useful for the identification of inorganic pigments, they remain generally unsuitable for the analysis of most organic colorants. The absence o...

In vivo bone lead measurements with 109Cd-based K-shell X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have been used to assess long-term lead exposure in adults. Tibia lead levels were measured in 210 children (106 boys, 104 girls) of 11-12(1/2) years of age in a lead smelter town and in a control (nonexposed) town. Tibia lead levels, methodological uncertainties, and models of some of the factors influencing them ...

An artificial neural network approach was used for the analysis of low-resolution XRF spectra. Instead of peak analysis and fitting the experimental results to a mathematical function as used by the conventional algorithms, the artificial neural network method takes the spectrum as a whole, comparing its shape with the patterns learned during the training period of the network. This method was ...

Micrometric 2D mapping of distinct elements was performed in soil grain-size fractions a sample using the micro-X-ray Fluorescence (µ-XRF) technique. The collected vicinity São Domingos, an old mine massive sulphide minerals located Portuguese Iberian Pyrite Belt. As expected, elemental high-grade concentrations metals and metalloids dependence existent natural geochemical anomaly were detected...

Processes active within buoyant hydrothermal plumes are expected to modulate the flux of elements, such as Fe, deep ocean; however, they yet be described in a comprehensive manner through observations or models. In this study, we compare observed particulate Fe (pFe) speciation with thermodynamic (equilibrium) reaction path modeling for three vent fields Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC). At ...