Abstract Many parasites and hosts are embroiled in an on-going arms race that affects the evolution of each participant. One such battle is between parasitic nematodes terrestrial gastropods which have co-evolved for 90–130 MY. Recently, snails been shown to encase kill invading using their shell as a defence mechanism. However, there remarkably little known about this process terms understandi...

abstract:the general perception of islamic finance is that it prohibits the practice of paying and receiving interest, but islamicfinance is much broader than interest rate prohibition. islamic financial services can be viewed as a set of financialservices which are diversified based on the needs of society.since in the iranian economy most of the enterprises are micro and/or small, micro finan...

a micro-channel heat exchanger reactor with different micro-baffle shapes has been studied numerically. governing equations were solved base on the finite volume method with fluent software. in upper section, oxidation reaction of methanol was occurred and in lower section, steam reforming of methanol was done. two sections were separated with solid part which played as heat exchanger and trans...