Micro-XAFS and chemical imaging techniques have been widely applied for studies of heterogeneously distributed systems, mostly in hard X-ray (>5 keV) or in soft X-ray (<1.5 keV) energies. The microprobe endstation of the SXRMB (soft X-ray microcharacterization beamline) at the Canadian Light Source is optimized at the medium energy (1.7-5 keV), and it has been recently commissioned and is avail...

in this study, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (libs) is used for qualitative analysis of healthy and carious teeth. the technique of laser ablation is receiving increasing attention for applications in dentistry, specifically for the treatment of teeth such as drilling of micro-holes and plaque removal. in the process of ablation a luminous micro-plasma is normally generated which may be ...

INTRODUCTION: Clinical researchers lack convenient software tools to investigate mechanisms of bone fracture on a patient-specific basis. Such a tool must be user-friendly and, as bone mineral density alone fails to predict fracture, incorporate both macroand micro-structural information. Micro-parameters relevant to initiation, propagation and arrest of microcracks that cumulatively lead to fr...

Objective: In this study investigated effects of different amounts of pelleted manure with urea and micro elements on yield and seed quality of medicinal plants, pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca). Methods: The animal manure and urea as pellet with four levels (150 Kg urea, 50 Kg urea + 3.5 ton animal manure, 100 (Kg) urea+ 1.5 ton animal manure and 150 (Kg) urea+1.5 ton animal man...

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are very small devices that contain both mechanical and electrical elements with sizes in the order of microns. Design cycle time is an important consideration in the development and introduction of MEMS devices in the market. To develop extraction tools for MEMS designs, we need geometric algorithms to analyze the spatial layout of the mechanical portion...

Progress in micro-fabrication has enabled not only diffractive optical elements (DOE) but also complex freeform surfaces [1]. Transmissive optical elements can be mainly classified into refractive and diffractive. Ray-tracing techniques are sufficient to explain light propagation through and beyond refractive elements. On the other hand, since interferences are the basis of the diffractive doma...

This work reveals a cost-efficient and flexible approach to various microlens arrays on polymers, which is essential to micro-optics elements. An 800-nm femtosecond laser is employed to control the hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching process on silica glasses, and concave microstructures with smooth curved surfaces are produced by this method. Then, the micro-structured glass templates can serve as ...

Host identity protocol (HIP) has security support to enable secured mobility and multihoming, both of which are essential for future Internet applications. Compared to end host mobility and multihoming with HIP, existing HIPbased micro-mobility solutions have optimized handover performance by reducing location update delay. However, all these mobility solutions are client-based mobility solutio...