Graft polymerizations of vinyl acetate onto granular corn starch were initiated by cobalt-60 irradiation of starch-monomer-water mixtures. and ungrafted poly(vinyl acetate) was separated from the graft copolymer by benzene extraction. Conversions of monomer to polymer were quantitative at a radiation dose of 1.0 IvIrad. However, over half of the polymer was present as ungrafted poly(vinyl aceta...

The interactions between plants and pollinators are complex. Flower volatiles as special olfactory cues could influence the foraging choices of pollinators. Here, we conducted bioassays to evaluate role flower on attraction honey bees (native Apis cerana exotic mellifera) pears Pyrus bretschneideri communis). Chemical electrophysiological approaches were used determine antennal responses from p...

Abstract Background Honeybees provide a wealth of valuable natural products containing health-promoting bioactive compounds, including honey, bee bread, venom, pollen, propolis, and royal jelly. In the present study, we investigated chemical composition four honeybee (bees, jelly, bread) derived from three medicinal plants (marjoram, trifolium, citrus) using headspace GC-MS. Results GC-MS analy...

The nucleophilic ring opening of epoxy fatty esters was carried out using the amino-1,2,4-triazole to yield substituted derivatives of β-amino alcohol. The synthesis of the substituted beta amino alcohols has been achieved by refluxing equimolar quantities of long chain epoxy esters (epoxy fatty esters) and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole in dichloromethane to yield following compounds, methyl 10-(4'-am...

Background Healthy people with a family history of alcohol problems show a pattern of subjective responses to alcohol that resemble those of affected probands. Studies on ketamine suggest that up-regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) underlies these effects, and point to a pharmacologically-responsive endophenotype reflecting enhanced risk for alcohol-use disorders. Methods Su...

The synthesis of (2R)-2-methyl-4,5-dideoxy and (2R)-2-methyl-4-deoxy analogues of 6-phosphogluconate is described. The synthetic strategy relies on the Evans aldol reaction for the installation of the chiral centres in the 2- and 3-positions. The selective phosphorylation at the primary alcohol function of (2R,3S)-3,6-dihydroxy-2-methylhexanoic acid benzyl ester (5) and (2R,3S,5S)-3,5,6-trihydr...

Large quantities (>3 g) of a new series of alkyl uronates were synthesized in two steps from commercial methyl hexopyranosides. Firstly, several tens of grams of free methyl α-d-glucopyranoside were selectively and quantitatively oxidized into corresponding sodium uronate using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical (TEMPO)-catalyzed oxidation. Hydrophobic chains of different length ...