INTRODUCTION Recently, the pleiotropic benefits of incretin-based therapy have been reported. We have previously reported that Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, attenuates prostate cancer growth. Metformin is known for its anti-cancer effect. Here, we examined the anti-cancer effect of Exendin-4 and metformin using a prostate cancer model. METHODS Prostate cancer ...

Epidemiological studies indicate that metformin, a widely used type 2 diabetes drug, might reduce breast cancer risk and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin might protect against breast cancer indirectly by ameliorating systemic glucose homeostasis. Alternatively, it might target breast cancer cells directly. However, experiments using MDA-MB-231 cells, a standard in vitro bre...

AIMS To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes treated with diet, metformin and/or insulin in routine clinical practice in a single centre. METHODS We analysed prospectively collected data from the National Women's Health database for all women with gestational diabetes who delivered between January 2007 and December 2009. Since June 2007, women requiring me...

background and objectives: endometrial hyperplasia (eh) is an abnormal overgrowth of endometrium that may lead to endometrial cancer, especially when accompanied by atypia. the treatment of eh is challenging, and previous studies report conflicting results. metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is an anti-diabetic and insulin sensitizer agent, which is supposed to have antiproliferative and anticancer...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from colonic adenomas. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a higher risk of CRC and metformin decreases CRC risk. However, it is not certain if metformin affects the development of colorectal polyps and adenomas. This study aimed to elucidate if metforminaffects the incidence of colonic polyps and adenomas in patients with type 2 DM....

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of metformin on vascular changes in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in mouse, and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS OIR mice were treated with metformin by intraperitoneal injection from postnatal day 12 (P12) to P17 or P21. At P17 and P21, vessel formation and avascular areas were assessed using retinal flat mounts. Levels of vascular end...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Metformin use has been associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk and mortality among diabetic patients. Recent research suggests that metformin use may decrease the incidence of colorectal adenomas in diabetic patients with previous colorectal cancer. This study aimed to assess the clinical effect of metformin use on the development of colorectal adenomas in diabetic pati...

OBJECTIVE To test vitamin B12 plasma levels in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin in our area. METHODS A cross-sectional, observational study of consecutive type 2 diabetic patients on drug treatment attending an internal medicine outpatient clinic. RESULTS One hundred and nine patients (81 treated with metformin) were enrolled into the study. Mean time on metformin treatment w...

Accumulating evidence suggests that the anti-diabetic drug, metformin, exerts anti-proliferative effects in many types of cancers. However, the function and mechanisms of metformin in human colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. Here, we show that metformin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis through activating AMPK-mTOR pathway in human colorectal cancer cells. Notably, metformin treatmen...

The biguanide drug metformin is widely prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, but its mode of action remains uncertain. Metformin also increases lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans cocultured with Escherichia coli. This bacterium exerts complex nutritional and pathogenic effects on its nematode predator/host that impact health and aging. We report that metformin increases li...