The “Things We Do for No Reason” (TWDFNR) series reviews practices which have become common parts of hospital care but which may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent “black and white” conclusions or clinical practice standards, but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invit...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of these studies was to understand the influence of cosolvent and surfactant contributions to particle size distributions emitted from solution metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) based on the propellant HFA 227. METHODS Two sets of formulations were prepared: (a) pMDIs-HFA 227 containing cosolvent (5-15% w/w ethanol) with constant surfactant (pluronic) concentration and (b) ...

Abstract The volume of water losses depends largely on the approach to active leakage control networks. Losses comprise physical (leakages transmission and/or distribution networks, at utility’s storage tanks, and service connections), commercial (unauthorised consumption metering inaccuracies data handling errors) unbilled authorised (unbilled metered unmetered consumption). Reduction real may...

It has been shown in vitro that even a small air leak in the facemask can drastically reduce the efficiency of drug delivery. In addition, it has been shown that drug deposition on the face does significantly add to overall drug loss and has the potential of local side effects. The aim of this study is therefore to verify these findings in vivo. Eight asymptomatic recurrently wheezy children, a...

Many different metered-dose inhalation devices are becoming available for the treatment of airway diseases. Each of these inhalers differs in its delivery characteristics. An assessment of the efficacy of drug delivery by these inhalers is essential, in view of their therapeutic use. A review of the literature on the relationship between airway deposition and airway effects of drugs delivered f...

BACKGROUND Coughing is a side effect of opioids that is rarely studied. Here, we evaluated the incidence of remifentanil induced coughing during anesthesia induction in an attempt to identify its risk factors and to examine the preventive effects of lidocaine and salbutamol. METHODS A total of 237 patients scheduled to undergo general anesthesia were allocated randomly into three groups. Grou...