Conceptual metaphors are linguistic constructions. Such a metaphor is humans' mental representation of social rank as a pyramidal-like structure. High-ranked individuals are represented in higher positions than low-ranked individuals. We show that conceptual metaphorical mapping between social rank and the representational domain exists in our closest evolutionary relatives, the chimpanzees. Ch...

In this paper we describe experiments with automated detection of metaphors in the Polish language. We focus our analysis on noun phrases composed of an adjective and a noun, and distinguish three types of expressions: with literal sense, with metaphorical sense, and expressions both literal and methaphorical (context-dependent). We propose a method of automatically recognizing expression type ...

The main aim of this report is to provide a measure of objective evaluation of ATT-Meta, a system we have implemented for conducting some of the reasoning needed in the understanding of metaphorical utterances. The report thereby also provides some evaluation of the overall theoretical approach informing ATT-Meta. The approach and system are not described in detail here, but rather in an accomp...

On my block, it's like the world don't exist. We stay confined to this small little section with dividends," proclaims hip-hop artist Scarface in his composition "On My Block." From the perspective of the artist, then, his neighborhood, figured adequately as a block, takes on the qualities of a corporeal, three-dimensional square: one both confining and small. The impression of the artist, voic...

This paper proposesmetrics to evaluate the quality of automatically generatedmetaphors not restricted to similes. The metrics are metaphoricity, novelty, comprehensibility, and overall evaluation. First, we discuss their importance and necessity. Next, we show that it is feasible to evaluate them by crowdsourcing. The targets of the evaluation are 1,360 expressions, each of which consists of a ...

According to Gibbs (2006) “there is still insufficient attention paid to the exact ways that cultural beliefs shape both people’s understandings of their embodied experiences and the conceptual metaphors which arise from these experiences.” For example, the conceptual metaphor EMOTIONS ARE FLUIDS WITHIN THE BODY seems to underlie a wide variety of metaphorical expressions used by speakers from ...