Heavy metals (HMs) contamination is one of the main abiotic factors affecting crop productivity and also threatens human health via consuming metal-contaminated crops as a food source. Over past few years, HMs have drawn lot attention due to their increased use for commercial purposes harmful effects on plants other life forms, thus threatening survival. However, several methods been adopted in...

Brassinosteroids (BRs), an emerging class of phytohormones, affect numerous plant physiological and metabolic processes can improve defense systems to counteract metalloid phytotoxicity. Nitric oxide (NO), a reactive nitrogen species (RNS), behaves as signalling molecule activating cellular responses various environmental conditions. induce NO synthesis through nitrate reductase (NR) synthase (...

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), being one of the first crops to be domesticated and cultivated by man, have been and continue to be an important food source for over 8000 years [1]. The high protein content of lentil has made them a nutritious substitute for meat. In fact, 100 grams of lentil has as much protein as 130 grams of meat in addition to beneficial dietary fiber [2]. The low phytate c...

A significant 19th century public health problem was that the inhabitants of many houses containing wallpaper decorated with green arsenical pigments experienced illness and death. The problem was caused by certain fungi that grew in the presence of inorganic arsenic to form a toxic, garlic-odored gas. The garlic odor was actually put to use in a very delicate microbiological test for arsenic. ...