relative diffuse reflection measurements from the original and ground surfaces using a he-ne laser are reported. the intensity measurements for the metallic, transparent dielectric, matte plastic surfaces and colored papers are presented. our results indicate that among metallic surfaces tested, aluminum has the highest diffuse reflectance; while the original stainless steel surface shows the l...

metallic nanoparticles can exhibit very large optical extinction in the visible spectrum due to localized surface plasmon resonance. spherical plasmonic nanoparticles have been the subject of numerous studies in recent years due to the fact that the scattering response of spheres can be analytically evaluated using mie theory. however a major disadvantage of metallic spherical nanoparticles is ...

Mechanical ventilation has become an indispensable tool, facilitating general anaesthesia and supporting life in the critically ill. However, its application has adverse effects including an increased risk of pneumonia, impaired cardiac performance, and neuromuscular problems relating to sedation and muscle relaxants. Moreover, it has become clear that applying pressure—whether positive or nega...