Phytomelanin is a mechanically hard, blackish, and inert substance rarely found in plants. In Asteraceae, this was historically associated with the Heliantheae alliance, but recent studies have observed it unrelated groups as Heterocoma Wunderlichia. During taxonomic investigation, we phytomelanin cypselae of Lychnophora salicifolia an unusual feature Vernonieae previously only Heterocoma. Furt...

A L-ascorbic acid biosensor based on ascorbate oxidase has been developed. The enzyme was extracted from the mesocarp of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) by using 0.05 mol L phosphate buffer, pH 5.8 containing 0.5 mol L NaCl. After the dialysis versus phosphate buffer 0.05 mol L pH 5.8, the enzyme was immobilized onto nylon net through glutaraldehyde covalent bond. The membrane was coupled to an O 2 ...

Fresh fruit micro-rupture generally occurs during mechanical handling, which severely affects the product’s postharvest quality along supply chain. An extended finite element (XFEM) model was developed for investigating fracture response of tomato under compression. A 1/4 modeled using three parts: exocarp, mesocarp and septa frame, pre-crack. amplitude curve-based uniformly distributed pressur...